Languages of the Iberian Peninsula

Pre-Roman languages

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman occupation and the spread of the Latin language.

• Aquitanian (probably closely related to or the same as Proto-Basque)
• Proto-Basque
• Iberian
• Tartessian
• Indo-European languages
  • Celtic languages
    • Celtiberian
    • Gallaecian
  • Lusitanian (disputed: either Italic, Celtic, Para-Celtic or other Indo-European)
  • Sorothaptic
  • Hellenic
    • Ancient Greek
• Afro-Asiatic languages
  • Semitic languages
    • Phoenician
      • Punic

Medieval languages

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula in medieval times, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

• Medieval Basque
• Indo-European languages
  • Germanic languages
    • Buri
    • Gothic
    • Suebian
    • Vandalic
  • Italic languages
    • Latin
      • Astur-Leonese
      • Galician-Portuguese (Old Galician)
      • Old Catalan
      • Old Provençal (Old Occitan)
      • Old Castilian (Old Spanish)
      • Mozarabic
      • Navarro-Aragonese
      • Judaeo-Romance languages
        • Judaeo-Aragonese
        • Judaeo-Catalan
        • Judaeo-Portuguese
        • Judaeo-Spanish
  • Celtic languages
    • Brittonic
  • Indo-Iranian languages
    • Scythian
      • Alanic
    • Romani
• Afro-Asiatic languages
  • Berber languages
  • Semitic languages
    • Arabic languages
      • Classical Arabic
        • Andalusian Arabic
    • Medieval Hebrew (a written language based on Biblical Hebrew)
      • Sephardi Hebrew

By linguistic group

• Basque (isolate)
  • Batua
  • Biscayan
  • Gipuzkoan
  • Upper Navarrese
  • Lower Navarrese
  • Lapurdian
  • Souletin
• Indo-European languages
  • Italic languages
    • Romance languages
      • Aragonese
      • Astur-Leonese
        • Asturian
        • Cantabrian (co-dialect with Spanish)
        • Leonese
        • Mirandese
        • Extremaduran (co-dialect with Spanish)
      • Catalan
        • Eastern Catalan
          • Northern Catalan
          • Central Catalan
        • Western Catalan
          • North-Western Catalan
          • Valencian
          • Ribagorçan (co-dialect with Aragonese)
            • Benasquese (co-dialect with Aragonese and Gascon Occitan)
      • French
      • Galician-Portuguese
        • Galician
        • Eonavian
        • Fala
        • Portuguese
          • Portuguese dialects
      • Spanish (or Castilian)
        • Spanish dialects and varieties
  • Germanic languages
    • Anglic
      • English (Gibraltar)
• Mixed languages
  • Caló (Ibero-Romance Romani)
    • Spanish Caló
    • Catalan Caló
    • Portuguese Calão
  • Erromintxela (Basque Romani)
  • Barranquenho
  • Llanito
• Sign languages
  • Spanish Sign Language
  • Catalan/Valencian Sign Language
  • Portuguese Sign Language
  • French Sign Language

By country

• Andorra:
  • Catalan (official recognition)
  • Spanish
  • French
• France (Pyrénées-Orientales):
  • French (official recognition)
  • French Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Catalan (official recognition)
  • Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, official recognition)
• Gibraltar (UK dependency):
  • English (official recognition)
  • British Sign Language^[1]
  • Spanish
  • Llanito
• Portugal:
  • Portuguese (official recognition)
  • Portuguese Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Mirandese (only spoken in a small eastern area of the Norte region, near Portuguese-Spanish border; official recognition)
  • Barranquenho (spoken in the town of Barrancos, near Portuguese–Spanish border; recognized and protected)
  • Minderico (only spoken in the town of Minde)
• Spain:
  • Spanish (also called Castilian, official recognition)
  • Spanish Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Catalan (official recognition; called Valencian in the Valencian Community).
  • Catalan Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Valencian Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Galician (official recognition) and Fala
  • Eonavian (also called Galician-asturian, official recognition) ^[2]
  • Basque (official recognition)
  • Aragonese (official recognition)
  • Asturian (also called Bable, official recognition)
  • Cantabrian
  • Leonese (official recognition)
  • Extremaduran
  • Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, locally called Aranese, official recognition)^[3]
  • Moroccan Arabic (not in the Iberian Peninsula)
  • Riffian Berber (not in the Iberian Peninsula)

Usage of co-official languages in Spain

More information Autonomous community, Co-official languages ...

Speakers of official languages in the Spanish autonomous communities
(as a % of each region's population)

Autonomous community	Co-official languages	Co-official language speakers
Balearic Islands (2011)[4]	Catalan	71.5%
Basque Country (2011)[5]	Basque	32.0%
Catalonia (2011)[4]	Catalan	80.9%
Galicia (2007)[6]	Galician	89.3%
Navarre (2011)[5]	Basque	11.7%
Valencian Community (2011)[4]	Valencian	58.4%
Asturias[7]	Asturian language	42.0%

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