Imam Reza shrine bombing
1994 anti-Shia terrorist attack in Mashhad, Iran
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Imam Reza shrine bombing refers to a bomb explosion that occurred on 20 June 1994 in a crowded prayer hall at the shrine of Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Imam of Shia, located in Mashhad, Iran. To maximize the number of casualties, the explosion took place on Ashura, one of the holiest days for Shia Muslims,[3] when hundreds of pilgrims had gathered to commemorate the death of their third Imam, Husayn ibn Ali.[4]
| Imam Reza shrine bombing | |
|---|---|
The Imam Reza Shrine, where the bomb explosion took place | |
| Location | Mashhad, Iran |
| Date | 20 June 1994 (Ashura 1415 AH) |
| Deaths | 25 or 26[1] |
| Injured | At least 70 or over 200[1] |
| Accused | Ramzi Yousef, Abdul Shakoor, MEK, Al-Haraka al-Islamiya al-Iraniya (Sunni group claiming responsibility)[2] |
The attack left at least 25 dead and at least 70 injured.[3][a] The bomb was equivalent to 4.5 kilograms (10 lb) of TNT, according to experts.[6] Although a Sunni militant group claimed responsibility, the Iranian government laid the blame on the People's Mujahedin of Iran, and others accused Pakistani militant Ramzi Yousef.
Bombing
On 20 June, the shrine was crowded with self-flagellating mourners, celebrating Ashura and commemorating the death of Husayn ibn Ali. At 14:26, a bomb exploded in a crowded prayer hall in the women's section of the shrine.[4] The Independent described it as "the first attack on such a holy place" or "the worst terrorist atrocity in Iran since 1981".[3][6] In protest, people gathered outside the mosque and hospitals.[4]
Damage included the destruction of one wall and the prayer hall's dome, and the breaking of crystal chandeliers.[4]
Suspects
The Iranian government blamed the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK);[3] however, MEK condemned the attack.[4] Ramzi Yousef, a member of al-Qaeda who was responsible for several terrorist attacks worldwide, was also accused of being responsible.[7][8][9] According to an anonymous US official, Yousef built the bomb and MEK agents placed it in the shrine.[10] According to the analysts, he was suspected of having connections with MEK because of his Iraqi background.[11] However, Raymond Tanter, a member of the United States National Security Council under President Ronald Reagan, believes that MEK was not involved, and that a Pakistani militant connected to Yousef was the perpetrator.[9] News, A Pakistani daily newspaper, identified that person to be Abdul Shakoor, a young religious radical living in Lyari in Karachi.[11]
A month after the attack, a Sunni group calling itself Al-Haraka al-Islamiya al-Iraniya claimed responsibility for the attack. Despite this, the Iranian government continued to hold the MEK responsible.[2] According to the National Council of Resistance of Iran, in a trial in November 1999, Interior Minister Abdollah Nouri claimed it was a false flag attack by the Iranian regime to blame MEK.[12]
Aftermath
Strict security measures were applied after this attack, and visitors are now searched before entering the shrine.[13] The event caused further political unrest in Iran.[14][failed verification]
Portrayals
A 2013 play entitled "the picture of Aziz's event" narrated the life of a woman who was going to visit Imam Reza shrine on the day of the bombing.[15]