Indian child welfare laws
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian child welfare laws (also known as ICWA laws are laws in the United States that governs jurisdiction over the removal of American Indian children from their families in custody, foster care, and adoption cases. The Indian Child Welfare Act has been enacted at the federal level. State-level ICWAs exist in 14 states.[1]
State laws
In addition to the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, state-level ICWAs have been enacted in 14 states: California, Colorado, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Washington.
California
The California Indian Child Welfare Act (Cal-ICWA) State Plan was enacted in 2006.[2]
Colorado
The Colorado Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted by the Colorado General Assembly in 2023.[3]
Iowa
The Iowa Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted in 2003.[4]
Maine
The Maine Indian Child Welfare Act was approved by the Governor of Maine on June 30, 2025.[5]
Michigan
The Michigan Indian Family Preservation Act was enacted in 2013.[6]
Minnesota
The Minnesota Indian Family Preservation Act (MIFPA) was enacted in 1985 and updated in 2023.[7]
Montana
The Montana Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted in 2023.[8]
Nebraska
The Nebraska Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted in 1985 and updated in 2015.[9]
New Mexico
The New Mexico Indian Family Protection Act was enacted in 2022.[10]
North Dakota
North Dakota's Indian child welfare law was enacted in 2023.[11]
Oklahoma
The Oklahoma Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted in 1982.[12]
Oregon
The Oregon Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted in 2021.[13]
Washington state
The Washington Child Welfare Act was enacted in 2011.[14]