Iodine pentafluoride
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Iodine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF5. It is one of the fluorides of iodine. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.[3]
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Iodine(V) fluoride | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Pentafluoro-λ5-iodane | |||
| Other names
Iodic fluoride | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.108 | ||
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| IF5 | |||
| Molar mass | 221.89 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colorless liquid | ||
| Density | 3.250 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | 9.43 °C (48.97 °F; 282.58 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 97.85 °C (208.13 °F; 371.00 K) | ||
| Reacts | |||
| −58.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Viscosity | 2.111 mPa·s | ||
| Structure | |||
| Monoclinic | |||
| C4V | |||
| Square pyramidal | |||
| square pyramidal[1] | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Toxic, oxidiser, corrosive, reacts with water to release HF | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
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| Danger | |||
| H271, H301+H311+H331, H314, H371, H410[2] | |||
| P202, P232, P304, P310[2] | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Other anions |
Iodine pentoxide | ||
Other cations |
Bromine pentafluoride | ||
Related compounds |
Iodine monofluoride Iodine trifluoride Iodine heptafluoride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation
It was first synthesized by Henri Moissan in 1891 by burning solid iodine in fluorine gas.[4] This exothermic reaction is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved.[5]
- I2 + 5 F2 → 2 IF5
Reactions
IF5 reacts vigorously with water forming hydrofluoric acid and iodic acid:
- IF5 + 3 H2O → HIO3 + 5 HF
Upon treatment with fluorine, it converts to iodine heptafluoride:[6]
- IF5 + F2 → IF7
It has been used as a solvent for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of osmium hexafluoride to osmium pentafluoride with iodine is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride:[7]
- 10 OsF6 + I2 → 10 OsF5 + 2 IF5
Primary amines react with iodine pentafluoride forming nitriles after hydrolysis.[8]