Irish exonyms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).
Algeria
 Algeria an Ailgéir | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Dzayer | Berber | |||
Belgium
 Belgium an Bheilg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
| Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Bruxelles | French | |||
| Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
| Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
| Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
| Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
| Walonreye | Walloon | |||
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian | |
Canada
 Canada Ceanada | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
| Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Newfoundland | English | |||
| Terre-Neuve | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | English | |||
China
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
 Czech Republic an tSeic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
| Prague | Prág | Praha | |
Denmark
 Denmark an Danmhairg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
| Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
| Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland | |
Egypt
France
 France an Fhrainc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
| Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] | ||
| Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
| Bretagne | French | |||
| Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
| Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
| Corsica | Italian | |||
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
| Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
| Louréne | Lorrain | |||
| Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
| Normaundie | Norman | |||
| Paris | Páras | Paris | French | |
Germany
Great Britain
 Great Britain and Crown dependencies: an Bhreatain Mhór | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
| Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
| Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlisle | English | |
| Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Corn na Breataine | ||||
| Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
| Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[3][4] |
| Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
| Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
| Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
| Jersey | Geirsí | |||
| Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
| London | Londain | London | English | |
| Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
| Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
| Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
| Severn | an tSabhrainn | Severn | English | |
| Hafren | Welsh | |||
| Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
| Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Thames | an Tamais | Thames | English | |
| Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain."[5] |
| York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
 Greece an Ghréig | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Language | Notes | |||
| Athens | an Aithin | |||
| Crete | an Chréit | |||
| Rhodes | Ródas | |||
| Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé | |||
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Israel
 Israel an Iosrael | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | |||
Italy
Libya
Lithuania
Moldova
Myanmar
Palestine
 Palestine an Phalaistín | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
| בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew | |||
| Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
| נָצְרַת (Natsrat) | Hebrew | |||
| ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic | |||
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
 Russia an Rúis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
| Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
| Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
| Ural | an Úrail | |||
Serbia
South Korea
 South Korea an Chóiré Theas | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Seoul | Súl | ||
Spain
Sudan
Sweden
Switzerland
 Switzerland an Eilvéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
| Genève | French | |||
Syria
Tunisia
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
 United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí | |||
United States
 United States Stáit Aontaithe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
| Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
| Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
| New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
