Isabelle Kendig

Kendig began as a eugenic field worker, trained at the Eugenics Record Office in Long Island. Field work in eugenics was a popular job for young people, particularly women, who wanted to improve society by investigating the connection between heredity and social problems.^[11][12][13] Skeptical of the assumptions of hard-line eugenicists, Kendig produced data that contradicted their basic beliefs. When she presented her research to Charles Davenport and other social scientists concerned with social defect, Kendig was shunned by Davenport, who, in turn, falsified her findings to fit his beliefs.^[5][13] She gave up her role as researcher and became an executive secretary for a state-wide social service agency in Massachusetts, League for Preventive Work, advocating for a new institution for people with intellectually disabilities (then known as the feebleminded),^[14][15][16] and worked for the Children's Commission in New Hampshire for similar aims.^[17] She later resigned from the League of Preventive Work in 1916, so she could get a degree in law from the Cambridge Law School for Women,^[16] said to be the first graduate school "exclusively for women" in the U.S.^[18]

She then worked for socialist, feminist, and anti-militarist organizations in Washington, D.C.^[6][1][19] In the National Women’s Party, Kendig was a field organizer and its Legislative and Organizational Secretary, for which she received a salary.^[20] She lobbied and helped organize local groups in the South and created equal rights publicity material for a national audience.^[21] She also created the NWP’s Councils for various professions and its Homemakers’ Council—a forum in which policies on marriage and family could be created.^[22][20] Alice Paul later described Kendig as an "extraordinary good organizer" and praised her efforts at expanding the NWP membership.^[20]

After leaving the Women's Party, Kendig gained national recognition as a founder and Executive Secretary of the Women’s Committee for Political Action. This national organization of socialists, feminists, and anti-militarists was founded to make sure women’s interests were represented in preparations for the election of 1924. A goal of the WCPA was to create a strong female presence within a larger group: the Conference on Progressive Political Action (CPPA), which launched the Presidential campaign for Robert M. La Follette.^[23][13]

Kendig also worked for the anti-militarist National Council for the Prevention of War as a researcher and author. Among her projects was a survey and critique of the portrayal of war in history textbooks, which activists could use to argue for less militaristic schools.^[24] Kendig also served as the ACLU's Washington Representative,^[25] and organized a campaign to oppose a bill for the registration and deportation of aliens, testifying before the relevant Congressional committee, among other tasks.^[26][27][28]

Her final career was as a clinical psychologist. In 1933, she earned a degree in the field from Radcliffe College.^[13] Later, she rose to the rank of Head of Psychology at St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C. She made history there by giving projective tests to the hospital's most famous patient, the poet Ezra Pound.^[29] She also taught at George Washington University Medical School and Catholic University.^[30] In the 1940s, Kendig published widely on assessment and psychopathology and completed a book on intellectual deterioration in schizophrenia that had been begun by William Alanson White, former superintendent at St. Elizabeths. The book was entitled Psychological studies in dementia praecox.^[31] After World War II, she helped lead the field of clinical psychology, locally and nationally, as it expanded its scientific and social influence.^[32][2]

Kendig died in 1974 in Siasconset, Nantucket,^[13][33] and was survived by her husband, who died in 1989,^[34][33] and children.^[35]

In 1915, Kendig married Howard Belding Gill, who became a prominent criminologist.^[36] A year before they married, Kendig and Gill began planning how they could each have a career, a home life, and children.^[5] Later, Kendig offered advice on how women could maintain some financial independence in their marriage.^[22] They had four children.^[1][33][37] This included three boys, including Benjamin Franklin Gill in November 1917,^[38] Jonathan Belding Gill in October 1919,^[39] Peter Lawrence Gill in February 1921,^[40][41] and Joan Kendig Gill in November 1925.^[42][35]

In a 1975 interview, Alice Paul noted that, at first, Kendig was called "Sally Gill", but changed her mind, insisting that fellow NWP members use the name "Isabel Kendig" instead. Paul also stated that while Kendig was a "well-wisher" for the organization, Kendig was drawn "into her own family life" after leaving NWP.^[20] Kendig was also known by the names of "Isabelle Kendig-Gill",^[43] "Isabelle V. Kendig Gill",^[44] and "Sally".^[45]