Isotopes of holmium
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Natural holmium (67Ho) contains one observationally stable isotope, 165Ho. The known isotopes of holmium range from 140Ho to 175Ho. The primary decay mode before the stable 165Ho, is beta plus decay to dysprosium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta minus decay to erbium isotopes.
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| Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ho) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Among the synthetic radioactive isotopes the most stable is 163Ho with a half-life of 4,570 years, the next most stable is 166Ho having a half-life of 26.812 hours, and others are under 4 hours. The isomeric nuclide 166m1Ho, however, has a half-life of 1,133 years, much the longest of the meta states.
Holmium-166 (ground state) has been studied for medical application.[4][5]
List of isotopes
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[6] [n 2][n 3] |
Discovery year[7][8] |
Half-life[1] [n 4] |
Decay mode[1] [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6] |
Spin and parity[1] [n 7][n 4] |
Isotopic abundance | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy[n 4] | |||||||||||||||||||
| 140Ho | 67 | 73 | 139.96853(54)# | 1999 | 6(3) ms | p | 139Dy | 8+# | |||||||||||
| 141Ho | 67 | 74 | 140.96311(43)# | 1998 | 4.1(1) ms | p | 140Dy | (7/2−) | |||||||||||
| 141mHo | 66(2) keV | 1998 | 7.3(3) μs | p | 140Dy | (1/2+) | |||||||||||||
| 142Ho | 67 | 75 | 141.96001(43)# | 2001 | 400(100) ms | β+ | 142Dy | (7−, 8+) | |||||||||||
| β+, p (?%) | 141Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| p (?%) | 141Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
| 143Ho[9] | 67 | 76 | 142.95486(32)# | 2026 | 300# ms [>310 ns] |
11/2−# | |||||||||||||
| 144Ho | 67 | 77 | 143.9521097(91) | 1986 | 0.7(1) s | β+ | 144Dy | (5−) | |||||||||||
| β+, p (?%) | 143Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 144mHo | 265.3(3) keV | 2001 | 519(5) ns | IT | 144Ho | (8+) | |||||||||||||
| 145Ho | 67 | 78 | 144.9472674(80) | 1987 | 2.4(1) s | β+ | 145Dy | (11/2−) | |||||||||||
| 146Ho | 67 | 79 | 145.9449935(71) | 1982 | 3.32(22) s | β+ | 146Dy | (6−) | |||||||||||
| β+, p (?%) | 145Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 147Ho | 67 | 80 | 146.9401423(54) | 1982 | 5.8(4) s | β+ | 147Dy | (11/2−) | |||||||||||
| 147mHo | 2687.1(4) keV | 1982 | 315(30) ns | IT | 147Ho | (27/2−) | |||||||||||||
| 148Ho | 67 | 81 | 147.937744(90) | 1979 | 2.2(11) s | β+ | 148Dy | (1+) | |||||||||||
| 148m1Ho | 250(100)# keV | 1982 | 9.49(12) s | β+ (99.92%) | 148Dy | (5−) | |||||||||||||
| β+, p (0.08%) | 147Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 148m2Ho | 940(100)# keV | 1984 | 2.36(6) ms | IT | 148m1Ho | (10)+ | |||||||||||||
| 149Ho | 67 | 82 | 148.933820(13) | 1979 | 21.1(2) s | β+ | 149Dy | (11/2−) | |||||||||||
| 149mHo | 48.80(20) keV | 1989 | 56(3) s | β+ | 149Dy | (1/2+) | |||||||||||||
| 150Ho | 67 | 83 | 149.933498(15) | 1963 | 76.8(18) s | β+ | 150Dy | (2)− | |||||||||||
| 150m1Ho[n 8] | 0(50) keV | 1980 | 23.3(3) s | β+ | 150Dy | (9)+ | |||||||||||||
| 150m2Ho | 7900(50) keV | 1981 | 787(36) ns | IT | 150Ho | (28−) | |||||||||||||
| 151Ho | 67 | 84 | 150.9316982(89) | 1963 | 35.2(1) s | β+ (78%) | 151Dy | 11/2− | |||||||||||
| α (22%) | 147Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 151mHo | 41.0(2) keV | 1963 | 47.2(13) s | α (77%) | 147Tb | 1/2+ | |||||||||||||
| β+ (23%) | 151Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
| 152Ho | 67 | 85 | 151.931718(13) | 1963 | 161.8(3) s | β+ (88%) | 152Dy | 2− | |||||||||||
| α (12%) | 148Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 152m1Ho | 160(3) keV | 1963 | 49.8(2) s | β+ (89.2%) | 152Dy | 9+ | |||||||||||||
| α (10.8%) | 148Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 152m2Ho | 3019.59(19) keV | 1994 | 8.4(3) μs | IT | 152Ho | 19− | |||||||||||||
| 153Ho | 67 | 86 | 152.9302067(54) | 1963 | 2.01(3) min | β+ (99.95%) | 153Dy | 11/2− | |||||||||||
| α (0.051%) | 149Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 153m1Ho | 68.7(3) keV | 1971 | 9.3(5) min | β+ (99.82%) | 153Dy | 1/2+ | |||||||||||||
| α (0.18%) | 149Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 153m2Ho | 2772.3(14) keV | 1980 | 229(2) ns | IT | 153Ho | 31/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 154Ho | 67 | 87 | 153.9306068(88) | 1966 | 11.76(19) min | β+ (99.98%) | 154Dy | 2− | |||||||||||
| α (0.019%) | 150Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| 154mHo | 243(28) keV | 1968 | 3.10(14) min | β+ | 154Dy | 8+ | |||||||||||||
| α (<0.001%) | 150Tb | ||||||||||||||||||
| IT (rare) | 154Ho | ||||||||||||||||||
| 155Ho | 67 | 88 | 154.929103(19) | 1959 | 48(2) min | β+ | 155Dy | 5/2+ | |||||||||||
| 155mHo | 141.87(11) keV | 1979 | 880(80) μs | IT | 155Ho | 11/2− | |||||||||||||
| 156Ho | 67 | 89 | 155.929642(41) | 1957 | 56(1) min | β+ | 156Dy | 4− | |||||||||||
| 156m1Ho | 52.37(30) keV | (1995)[n 9] | 9.5(15) s | IT | 156Ho | 1− | |||||||||||||
| 156m2Ho | 230(50) keV | (1999)[n 9] | 7.6(3) min | β+ (75%) | 156Dy | 9+ | |||||||||||||
| IT (25%) | 156Ho | ||||||||||||||||||
| 157Ho | 67 | 90 | 156.928252(25) | 1965 | 12.6(2) min | β+ | 157Dy | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 158Ho | 67 | 91 | 157.928945(29) | 1960 | 11.3(4) min | β+ | 158Dy | 5+ | |||||||||||
| 158m1Ho | 67.20(1) keV | 1962 | 28(2) min | IT (91%) | 158Ho | 2− | |||||||||||||
| β+ (9%) | 158Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
| 158m2Ho | 91.595(12) keV | (2005)[n 9] | 140(25) ns | IT | 158Ho | (2−) | |||||||||||||
| 158m3Ho | 180(70)# keV | 1974 | 21.3(23) min | β+ | 158Dy | (9+) | |||||||||||||
| 159Ho | 67 | 92 | 158.9277187(33) | 1958 | 33.05(11) min | β+ | 159Dy | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 159mHo | 205.91(5) keV | 1965 | 8.30(8) s | IT | 159Ho | 1/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 160Ho | 67 | 93 | 159.928736(16) | 1950 | 25.6(3) min | β+ | 160Dy | 5+ | |||||||||||
| 160m1Ho | 59.98(3) keV | 1955 | 5.02(5) h | IT (73%) | 160Ho | 2− | |||||||||||||
| β+ (27%) | 160Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
| 160m2Ho | 197(16) keV | 1988 | ~3 s | IT | 160Ho | (9+) | |||||||||||||
| 161Ho | 67 | 94 | 160.9278618(23) | 1954 | 2.48(5) h | EC | 161Dy | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 161mHo | 211.15(3) keV | 1965 | 6.76(7) s | IT | 161Ho | 1/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 162Ho | 67 | 95 | 161.9291025(33) | 1957 | 15.0(10) min | β+ | 162Dy | 1+ | |||||||||||
| 162mHo | 105.87(6) keV | 1961 | 67.0(7) min | IT (62%) | 162Ho | 6− | |||||||||||||
| β+ (38%) | 162Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
| 163Ho | 67 | 96 | 162.92874026(74) | 1957 | 4570(25) y | EC | 163Dy | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 163m1Ho | 297.88(7) keV | 1957 | 1.09(3) s | IT | 163Ho | 1/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 163m2Ho | 2109.4(4) keV | 2012 | 800(150) ns | IT | 163Ho | (23/2+) | |||||||||||||
| 164Ho | 67 | 97 | 163.9302405(15) | 1938 | 28.8(5) min | EC (61%) | 164Dy | 1+ | |||||||||||
| β− (39%) | 164Er | ||||||||||||||||||
| 164mHo | 139.78(7) keV | 1966 | 36.6(3) min | IT | 164Ho | 6− | |||||||||||||
| 165Ho | 67 | 98 | 164.93032912(84) | 1934 | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 7/2− | 1.0000 | ||||||||||||
| 165m1Ho | 361.675(11) keV | 1959 | 1.512(4) μs | IT | 165Ho | 3/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 165m2Ho | 715.33(2) keV | (1958)[n 11] | <100 ns | IT | 165Ho | 7/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 166Ho | 67 | 99 | 165.93229121(84) | 1936 | 26.812(7) h | β− | 166Er | 0− | |||||||||||
| 166m1Ho | 5.969(12) keV | 1952 | 1132.6(39) y | β− | 166Er | 7− | |||||||||||||
| 166m2Ho | 190.9021(20) keV | 1960 | 185(15) μs | IT | 166Ho | 3+ | |||||||||||||
| 167Ho | 67 | 100 | 166.9331403(56) | 1955 | 3.1(1) h | β− | 167Er | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 167mHo | 259.34(11) keV | 1977 | 6.0(10) μs | IT | 167Ho | 3/2+ | |||||||||||||
| 168Ho | 67 | 101 | 167.935524(32) | 1960 | 2.99(7) min | β− | 168Er | 3+ | |||||||||||
| 168m1Ho | 59(1) keV | 1990 | 132(4) s | IT | 168Ho | (6+) | |||||||||||||
| 168m2Ho | 143.43(17) keV | 1990 | >4 μs | IT | 168Ho | (1)− | |||||||||||||
| 168m3Ho | 192.57(20) keV | 1990 | 108(11) ns | IT | 168Ho | 1+ | |||||||||||||
| 169Ho | 67 | 102 | 168.936880(22) | 1963 | 4.72(10) min | β− | 169Er | 7/2− | |||||||||||
| 169mHo | 1386.2(4) keV | 2010 | 118(6) μs | IT | 169Ho | (19/2+) | |||||||||||||
| 170Ho | 67 | 103 | 169.939627(54) | 1960 | 2.76(5) min | β− | 170Er | (6+) | |||||||||||
| 170mHo[n 8] | 100(80) keV | 1969 | 43(2) s | β− | 170Er | (1+) | |||||||||||||
| 171Ho | 67 | 104 | 170.94147(64) | 1989 | 53(2) s | β− | 171Er | 7/2−# | |||||||||||
| 172Ho | 67 | 105 | 171.94473(21)# | 1991 | 25(3) s | β− | 172Er | 0+# | |||||||||||
| 173Ho | 67 | 106 | 172.94702(32)# | 2012 | 7.1(4) s | β− | 173Er | 7/2−# | |||||||||||
| 173mHo | 405(1) keV | 2020 | 3.7(12) μs | IT | 173Ho | 1/2+# | |||||||||||||
| 174Ho | 67 | 107 | 173.95076(32)# | 2012 | 3.7(4) s | β− | 174Er | (8−) | |||||||||||
| 175Ho | 67 | 108 | 174.95352(43)# | 2012 | 1.88(55) s | β− | 175Er | 7/2−# | |||||||||||
| 176Ho | 67 | 109 | 175.95771(54)# | 2012 | 1# s [>300 ns] |
4+# | |||||||||||||
| 177Ho | 67 | 110 | 176.96105(54)# | 2018 | 1# s [>550 ns] |
β− | 177Er | 7/2−# | |||||||||||
| 178Ho | 67 | 111 | 177.96551(54)# | 2018 | 750# ms [>550 ns] |
2+# | |||||||||||||
| This table header & footer: | |||||||||||||||||||
- mHo – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition - Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
- Only published in a conference proceeding and not a refereed journal.
- Believed to undergo α decay to 161Tb
- Half-life less than 100 ns, not included in the discovery database.
See also
Daughter products other than holmium