Miteva began her career at the Ministry of Justice in 1998.[2] She worked for the Committee on Legal Affairs before leading the Parliament's EU Legislature and Law Directorate.[3] She has been involved in writing parliamentary rules, drafting changes to the Electoral Code and proposing amendments to the Constitution.[1][2] She is also a lecturer at the New Bulgarian University in the Department of Law.[1][2]
Miteva is a member of the There Is Such A People party and was elected to the National Assembly in 2020 as one of 23 members for the constituency in Sofia.[2] She was elected Speaker of the 45th National Assembly on 15 April 2021, at the first session of Parliament after the April 4 election at which no party won the majority needed to form government on its own.[4] Miteva was elected by what President Rumen Radev called a "fragmented" parliament expressing voters' desire for change[4] with 163 votes in favour and 75 abstentions, all from the GERB Party who voted for their own candidate and former Speaker Tsveta Karayancheva.[5][6] Miteva said that "transparency and accountability" must be the guiding principles for the Assembly, quoting Bulgarian National Revival figure Todor Ikonomov.[1] Miteva is the third woman to hold the position of Speaker.[3] In the second sitting of the new assembly, Miteva presided over a vote to approve the resignation of Prime Minister Boyko Borisov's government.[7]
On 21 July 2021 she was reelected as Speaker of the 46th National Assembly.[8]