Jackson County, Georgia
County in Georgia, United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jackson County is a county located in the East Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,907.[1] The county seat is Jefferson.[2] Jackson County comprises the Jefferson, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area.
Jackson County, Georgia | |
|---|---|
Jackson County courthouse in Jefferson | |
 Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Georgia | |
| Coordinates: 34°08′N 83°34′W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Georgia |
| Founded | 1796 |
| Named after | James Jackson |
| Seat | Jefferson |
| Largest city | Jefferson |
| Area | |
• Total | 343 sq mi (890 km2) |
| • Land | 340 sq mi (880 km2) |
| • Water | 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km2) 1.0% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 75,907 |
• Estimate (2025) | 99,265  |
| • Density | 220/sq mi (86/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 9th |
| Website | jacksoncountygov.com |
History
Most of the first non-Native American settlers came from Effingham County in 1786.[3] On February 11, 1796, Jackson County was split off from part of Franklin County, Georgia. The new county was named in honor of Revolutionary War Lieutenant Colonel, Congressman, Senator and Governor James Jackson.[4] The county originally covered an area of approximately 1,800 square miles (4,662.0 km2), with Clarksboro as its first county seat.
In 1801, the Georgia General Assembly granted 40,000 acres (160 km2) of land in Jackson County for a state college. Franklin College (now University of Georgia) began classes the same year, and the city of Athens was developed around the school. Also the same year, a new county was developed around the new college town, and Jackson lost territory to the new Clarke. The county seat was moved to an old Indian village called Thomocoggan, a location with ample water supply from Curry Creek and four large springs. In 1804, the city was renamed Jefferson, after Thomas Jefferson.
Jackson lost more territory in 1811 in the creation of Madison County, in 1818 in the creation of Walton, Gwinnett, and Hall counties, in 1858 in the creation of Banks County,[5] and in 1914 in the creation of Barrow County.
The first county courthouse, a log and wooden frame building with an attached jail, was built on south side of the public square; a second, larger, two-story brick courthouse with a separate jailhouse was built in 1817. In 1880, a third was built on a hill north of the square. This courthouse was the oldest continuously operating courthouse in the United States until 2004, when the current courthouse was constructed north of Jefferson.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 343 square miles (890 km2), of which 340 square miles (880 km2) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2) (1.0%) is water.[6]
The vast majority of Jackson County is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin, with just a small portion of the county's northern edge, between Maysville to just east of Commerce, located in the Broad River sub-basin of the Savannah River basin.[7]
Rivers and creeks
- North Oconee River
- Sandy Creek (Georgia)
- Curry Creek
- Middle Oconee River
- Pond Fork
- Allen Creek (Holders Creek)
- Mulberry River
Adjacent counties
- Banks County - north
- Madison County - east
- Clarke County - southeast
- Barrow County - west
- Hall County - northwest
Communities
Cities
Towns
Unincorporated communities
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 7,736 | — | |
| 1810 | 10,569 | 36.6% | |
| 1820 | 8,355 | −20.9% | |
| 1830 | 9,004 | 7.8% | |
| 1840 | 8,522 | −5.4% | |
| 1850 | 9,768 | 14.6% | |
| 1860 | 10,605 | 8.6% | |
| 1870 | 11,181 | 5.4% | |
| 1880 | 16,297 | 45.8% | |
| 1890 | 19,176 | 17.7% | |
| 1900 | 24,039 | 25.4% | |
| 1910 | 30,169 | 25.5% | |
| 1920 | 24,654 | −18.3% | |
| 1930 | 21,609 | −12.4% | |
| 1940 | 20,089 | −7.0% | |
| 1950 | 18,997 | −5.4% | |
| 1960 | 18,499 | −2.6% | |
| 1970 | 21,093 | 14.0% | |
| 1980 | 25,343 | 20.1% | |
| 1990 | 30,005 | 18.4% | |
| 2000 | 41,589 | 38.6% | |
| 2010 | 60,485 | 45.4% | |
| 2020 | 75,907 | 25.5% | |
| 2025 (est.) | 99,265 | [8] | 30.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[9] 1790-1880[10] 1890-1910[11] 1920-1930[12] 1930-1940[13] 1940-1950[14] 1960-1980[15] 1980-2000[16] 2010[17] | |||
Racial and ethnic composition
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[18] | Pop 1990[19] | Pop 2000[20] | Pop 2010[21] | Pop 2020[22] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 22,411 | 26,830 | 36,314 | 50,695 | 59,064 | 88.43% | 89.42% | 87.32% | 83.81% | 77.81% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 2,722 | 2,900 | 3,197 | 4,050 | 5,136 | 10.74% | 9.67% | 7.69% | 6.70% | 6.77% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 21 | 60 | 72 | 91 | 127 | 0.08% | 0.20% | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.17% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 15 | 50 | 397 | 1,026 | 1,744 | 0.06% | 0.17% | 0.95% | 1.70% | 2.30% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | x [23] | x [24] | 1 | 12 | 30 | x | x | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 1 | 5 | 14 | 59 | 294 | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.10% | 0.39% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x [25] | x [26] | 345 | 816 | 2,800 | x | x | 0.83% | 1.35% | 3.69% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 173 | 160 | 1,249 | 3,736 | 6,712 | 0.68% | 0.53% | 3.00% | 6.18% | 8.84% |
| Total | 25,343 | 30,005 | 41,589 | 60,485 | 75,907 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 75,907 people in the county.[27] The median age was 38.2 years, 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18, and 15.0% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 97.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 94.7 males age 18 and over. 37.2% of residents lived in urban areas, while 62.8% lived in rural areas.[28]
The racial makeup of the county was 79.7% White, 6.9% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 4.1% from some other race, and 6.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 8.8% of the population.[29]
As of the 2020 census, there were 26,174 households in the county, including 19,467 families; 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 20.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[27]
There were 27,699 housing units, of which 5.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 80.0% were owner-occupied and 20.0% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%.[27]
Law and government
| Commission post | Office holder |
| Chairman | Marty Clark (Jackson County, Georgia) |
| District 1 - Central Jackson | Jim Hix |
| District 2 - North Jackson | Chas Hardy |
| District 3 - West Jackson | Ralph Richardson Jr. |
| District 4 - East Jackson | Marty Seagraves |
Politics
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1912 | 46 | 2.65% | 1,123 | 64.65% | 568 | 32.70% |
| 1916 | 71 | 5.23% | 1,185 | 87.26% | 102 | 7.51% |
| 1920 | 334 | 23.81% | 1,069 | 76.19% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 142 | 11.70% | 993 | 81.80% | 79 | 6.51% |
| 1928 | 818 | 48.78% | 859 | 51.22% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 80 | 5.39% | 1,389 | 93.54% | 16 | 1.08% |
| 1936 | 187 | 7.09% | 2,447 | 92.76% | 4 | 0.15% |
| 1940 | 166 | 9.37% | 1,599 | 90.29% | 6 | 0.34% |
| 1944 | 221 | 11.19% | 1,754 | 88.81% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 145 | 6.53% | 1,866 | 83.98% | 211 | 9.50% |
| 1952 | 409 | 10.91% | 3,341 | 89.09% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 438 | 12.38% | 3,100 | 87.62% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 472 | 11.44% | 3,653 | 88.56% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1964 | 1,664 | 29.62% | 3,953 | 70.38% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 1,139 | 18.52% | 1,537 | 25.00% | 3,473 | 56.48% |
| 1972 | 4,124 | 79.63% | 1,055 | 20.37% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1976 | 1,239 | 17.28% | 5,931 | 82.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 2,209 | 31.79% | 4,591 | 66.07% | 149 | 2.14% |
| 1984 | 4,202 | 60.73% | 2,717 | 39.27% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1988 | 4,407 | 62.56% | 2,607 | 37.00% | 31 | 0.44% |
| 1992 | 3,976 | 43.38% | 3,792 | 41.37% | 1,397 | 15.24% |
| 1996 | 4,782 | 50.38% | 3,746 | 39.46% | 964 | 10.16% |
| 2000 | 7,878 | 67.71% | 3,420 | 29.39% | 337 | 2.90% |
| 2004 | 12,611 | 77.84% | 3,468 | 21.40% | 123 | 0.76% |
| 2008 | 17,776 | 77.23% | 4,950 | 21.51% | 290 | 1.26% |
| 2012 | 19,135 | 80.59% | 4,238 | 17.85% | 372 | 1.57% |
| 2016 | 21,784 | 79.44% | 4,491 | 16.38% | 1,146 | 4.18% |
| 2020 | 29,502 | 78.29% | 7,642 | 20.28% | 541 | 1.44% |
| 2024 | 36,497 | 77.04% | 10,472 | 22.10% | 406 | 0.86% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 29,166 | 78.02% | 7,262 | 19.43% | 955 | 2.55% |
| 2020 | 25,793 | 79.17% | 6,785 | 20.83% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 14,914 | 40.14% | 4,783 | 12.87% | 17,459 | 46.99% |
| 2020 | 25,658 | 78.75% | 6,925 | 21.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2022 | 24,379 | 76.89% | 6,504 | 20.51% | 823 | 2.60% |
| 2022 | 21,613 | 78.69% | 5,854 | 21.31% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2022 | 26,223 | 82.25% | 5,420 | 17.00% | 238 | 0.75% |
As of the 2020s, Jackson County is a strongly Republican voting county, voting 77% for Donald Trump in 2024. For elections to the United States House of Representatives, Jackson County is part of Georgia's 10th congressional district, currently represented by Mike Collins. For elections to the Georgia State Senate, Jackson County is divided between districts 47 and 50.[32] For elections to the Georgia House of Representatives, Jackson County is part of districts 119 and 120.[33]
Education
Most of the county is in the Jackson County School District. Portions in Commerce and Jefferson are in, respectively, Commerce City School District and Jefferson City School District.[34]
Attractions
- Chateau Elan (Braselton)
- La Vaquita Flea Market (Pendergrass)
- Mayfield Dairy Visitors Center (Braselton)
- Sandy Creek Golf Course (Commerce)
- Tanger Outlet Center (Commerce)
National Historic Places
- Braselton Historic District
- Commerce Commercial Historic District
- Governor L. G. Hardman House (Commerce)
- Hillcrest-Allen Clinic and Hospital (Hoschton)
- Holder Plantation (Jefferson)
- Hoschton Depot
- Old Jackson County Courthouse (Jefferson)
- Jefferson Historic District
- Oak Avenue Historic District(Jefferson)
- Paradise Cemetery (Jefferson)
- Seaborn M. Shankle House (Commerce)
- Shields-Etheridge Farm
- Talmo Historic District
- Williamson-Maley-Turner Farm (Jefferson)
Parks and cultural institutions
- Crawford W. Long Museum (Jefferson)
- Hurricane Shoals Park
Events
- Daisy Festival - May (first full weekend) (Nicholson)
- Mule Days - May (Shields-Etheridge Farm)
- Annual City Lights Festival - mid-June (Commerce)
- Celebrate Braselton - July 4 (Braselton)
- Art in the Park - mid-September (Hurricane Shoals)
- Annual Fall Festival - September (last weekend) (Hoschton)
- Jefferson High School and Jefferson Middle School Band Concerts - throughout the year (Jefferson)
- Jackson County Comprehensive High School, East Jackson Comprehensive High School, East Jackson Middle School, West Jackson Middle School, and Legacy Knoll Middle School Band Concerts - throughout the year
Transportation
Major highways
Interstate 85
U.S. Route 129
U.S. Route 129 Business
U.S. Route 441- U.S. Route 441 Business
State Route 11
State Route 11 Business
State Route 11 Connector
State Route 15
State Route 15 Alternate
State Route 53
State Route 59
State Route 60
State Route 82
State Route 82 Connector
State Route 98
State Route 124
State Route 330
State Route 332
State Route 334
State Route 335
State Route 346 (former)
State Route 403 (unsigned designation for I-85)
Pedestrians and cycling
- Fox Smallwood Dr Trail[35]
- American Veterans Memorial Park Trail
- Commerce Middle School Track
- Curry Creek Reservoir Trail
- Jefferson Memorial Stadium Track
- East Jackson Park Walking Trail
- South Jackson Elementary Nature Trail & Walking Track
- Hurricane Shoals Nature Trail
- Sells Mill Nature Trail
- Sandy Creek Park Walking Trail
- Braselton Riverwalk Trail
- East Jackson High School Track
- W Jackson Middle School Track
- West Jackson Park Walking Track
- Jackson County High School Track & Nature Trail