Jagorawi Toll Road

In 1973, the Indonesian government began developing the first highway linking the capital Jakarta with the city of Bogor. When the road was still in its construction phase, it was not officially a toll road. When the highway was nearly finished, the government began considering ways to execute the operation and maintenance of the highway autonomously, without burdening governmental financing. For that purpose, the Labor Department suggested that the portion of the road between Jakarta and Bogor be changed to a toll road.^[4]

The construction of the Jagorawi Toll Road began in 1975, with funding supported by a loan from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).^[5] The infrastructure enterprise gained momentum following a plan by American investor Kaiser Cement to establish a 1.2 million-ton annual output facility in Cibinong, prompting company delegate Nick P. Petroff to advocate for US financial assistance on behalf of the Indonesian state. Capital allocation for the project was divided on a 70–30 basis, where the US covered $22.8 million while Indonesia injected $10.3 million, both channeling these resources as equity into PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk.^[6]

Execution of the physical works was entrusted to South Korean contractor Hyundai Construction Co., overseen by American supervisory consultants Ammann-Whitney & Trans Asia Engineering Associates Inc. While engaging international firms generated debate regarding the participation of domestic professionals, President Suharto emphasized that many Indonesian workers were directly involved in the build.^[6]

Private investors, with government financing, established the semi-private corporation Jasa Marga to manage the highway on 1 March 1978.^[7] The road was officially inaugurated in a ceremony on 9 March 1978 by President Suharto.^[4] The remaining Cibinong–Bogor and Bogor–Ciawi segments opened in 1979.^[6]

In 2017, PT Jasa Marga issued securities backed by the toll revenues from Jagorawi.^[8]

The Jagorawi Toll Road is four lanes wide (in each direction) from Taman Mini to Citeureup, and three lanes wide from Citeureup to Bogor.^[9]

The toll road has a Pertamina gas station which is combined with restaurants, rest areas, and outlet stores.^[9]

On 8 September 2013, the toll road has been a nationwide media attention following a fatal accident involving Ahmad Dhani and Maia Estianty's youngest son Abdul Qodir Jaelani. Seven people were killed and 8 people were severely injured in the crash. It was revealed that Abdul lost control of his car and hit the metal separator while traveling home from Bogor to Jakarta, crashing into two oncoming vehicles on the opposite lane.^[10]

For the first time in January 2014, Jagorawi Toll Road was flooded from Cipinang River at KM 4. The toll road was still operational in both directions, with vehicles driving slowly through the flood. Consequently, the toll road suffered from severe gridlock.^[11]

Ciawi–Sukabumi Toll Road is a planned 54-km extension of Jagorawi Toll Road, subdivided into 4 sections:^[12]

• Ciawi–Cigombong, 15 km (9.3 mi)
• Cigombong–Cibadak, 12 km (7.5 mi)
• Cibadak–West Sukabumi, 14 km (8.7 mi)
• Cisaat–East Sukabumi, 13 km (8.1 mi)

Concession is held by PT Trans Jabar Toll, a subsidiary of state-owned developer Waskita Karya.^[13] Land acquisition by January 2013 was at 40 percent, and Trans Jabar predicted that the construction would begin by the end of 2013. However, construction was delayed due to problems with land acquisition.^[14] President Joko Widodo renewed the government's efforts to complete land acquisition in 2016.^[15] The Ciawi–Cigombong section was opened in December 2018. Construction on the second section, Cigombong–Cibadak, was 76.50% complete by February 2021; the projected completion date is August 2021.^[16]