Jaime Jaramillo Arango

Jaime Jaramillo Arango was born on January 17, 1897, in Manizales, Colombia.^[1] He was the son of Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo and Dolores Arango Isaza.^[10] The family descended from Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade, from Extremadura, Spain.^[10][11]

Jaramillo Arango studied in the St. Thomas Aquinas School in Manizales, and in the St. Bartholomew Major College in Bogotá. He studied medicine in the National University of Colombia, and surgery in Paris, London, and Rochester, United States.^[12]

He returned to Colombia, and became the Director of the Hospital San Juan de Dios from 1920 to 1923, and from 1927 to 1931. He was the president and member of the board of directors of the institution in several occasions.

Due to his extensive studies and professional experience, he became a pioneer of the Colombian modern medicine, and the most eminent Colombian surgeon of his time. He was the primary doctor of three presidents of Colombia: Enrique Olaya Herrera, Alfonso López Pumarejo, and Eduardo Santos: and many personalities.

In the 1930s, he began his career in education: from 1933 to 1934, he was a professor and dean of medicine of the National University of Colombia;^[13] and, in 1934, president Enrique Olaya Herrera appointed him in 1934 as Minister of National Education.^[2][14][15] Rector of the National University of Colombia from 1949 to 1950.

In 1938, the liberal president Alfonso López Pumarejo appointed Jaime Jaramillo Arango as Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Germany. That year, he was assigned also as Minister Plenipotentiary, during World War Two, to the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945, and Minister Plenipotenciary to the governments in exile: Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, and Poland, based in London.^[1][9]

On August 2, 1938, Jaramillo Arango arrived in Berlin. The chosen date to present credentials as ambassador to Adolf Hitler was November 15.^[16] But, on November 9, the Nazi paramilitary squadrons began brutally attacking the Jewish population and their stores, known as Kristallnacht: the initiation of the open persecution of Jews by the Third Reich.^[17] The following day, November 10, Ambassador Jaramillo, and his assistant were arrested because they had been taking pictures of the impressive damage in Kurfürstendamm, from the diplomatic automobile. They were taken to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where they were released two hours later. Due to these events, Hitler cancelled the appointment with the Colombian diplomat.^{[16][18][8][9]}

Following Kristallnacht, on November 24, 1938, Jaramillo Arango left Germany and exiled himself, first in France, and then in England, where he was assigned as Minister Plenipotenciary to the United Kingdom until 1945. The Colombian embassy in Berlin was vacant from 1945 until 1953.^[16]

The official report of Ambassador Jaramillo appeared later in special articles and books about Kristallnacht;^[16][19] and the pictures taken that described the horror of the events on November 9, 1938, were exposed 75 years later in a commemorative exhibition in the New Synagogue of Berlin, in 2013.^[20][21]

In 1939, he headed the Colombian delegation to the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, the actual United Nations.^[22] Amid the expansion of the Third Reich across Europe, president Eduardo Santos named him as Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, from September 1940 to 1945.^[23] Jaime Jaramillo Arango suffered, too, the Blitz of the German bombing to London during World War II. He was appointed also as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Governments in Exile, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway, based in the British capital.^[24][25] He became the first Colombian ambassador to the United Kingdom, from 1940 to December 19, 1945.^[26]

In November 1945, Jaramillo Arango was the Colombian delegate to the First Assembly of UNESCO in London, and was elected as vice president. He proposed the creation of the University of the United Nations, that started to work, after the war, in 1973.

In his speech, Ambassador Jaramillo Arango remembered the physical and spiritual famine in Europe, the teachers killed, and the buildings, universities and monuments destroyed during the war. He called for a rapid reconstruction and rehabilitation of Europe through a system of education and international cooperation. During the UNESCO First Assembly in 1945, his proposition was received with applause, and finally after the Second World War, in 1973, the United Nations University started to work.

After an intense diplomatic life, Jaramillo Arango returned to his country. From 1949 to 1950, he became the Rector of the National University of Colombia^[27]

In February 1956, due to his deep admiration for the British scientists and educators that had been his teachers and colleagues, professor Jaramillo Arango founded the Anglo Colombian School of Bogotá, an international, bilingüal, mixt-sex education, and intellectually plural school, inspired by the British educational system.^[28] To this day, it is one of the most prestigious academic schools of Colombia.^[29]