James D. Lynch

Lynch was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother was a slave and his father was a white merchant and minister.^[2] Lynch obtained his early education at an elementary school, instructed by Reverend Daniel Payne of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.^[1][2] Lynch attended Kimball Union Academy in New Hampshire, where he spent two years, and then moved to Indianapolis, where he committed himself to ministry.^[1] Kimball Union Academy was one of the few Northern schools prior to 1860 that allowed African Americans students to attend.^[1] He preached at a small church in the town of Galena, Illinois.^[1][2]

In 1863, Lynch was appointed a "Missionary and Government Superintendent" at Beaufort, South Carolina.

Lynch was the youngest of the 20 Black church leaders who met with Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and Union General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Green–Meldrim House at what would later be called the "Savannah Colloquy" on January 12, 1865. Others who participated included Garrison Frazier, Ulysses L. Houston, and William Gaines.^[3] Their discussion directly led to Sherman's Special Field Orders No. 15, which included the famous Forty acres and a mule land allotment.^[4]

Following the Civil War, Lynch later joined other missionaries in South Carolina.^[1][2] Between 1865 and 1866, Lynch helped to establish churches and schools in South Carolina and Georgia for African American children and adults.^[1][2] In 1868 Lynch then moved to Mississippi as an official of the Methodist Episcopal Church North.^[1][5][6] Within a year of Lynch's arrival, the church increased by approximately six thousand African Americans, and twenty meeting houses were created.^[1][6] Soon Lynch began to realize that the political rights of the freedmen were just as important as their religious faith.^[1][6] Lynch and others organized the Republican Party in Mississippi, where they later held the first party convention in September 1867 in Jackson.^[1] At this time Lynch was elected vice-president of the organization because of his prior services to the party.^[6] Lynch then worked to creating a new constitution for Mississippi, where he took a moderate stance.^[1] He campaigned to secure voter support for a constitutional convention, in addition to verifying the election of Republican delegates.^[6] To further stress his position and the importance of black unity, Lynch became involved with the newspaper business, and became a publisher and editor of his publication called Jackson Colored Citizen.^[6]

During the organization of the [1868 "Black and Tan"] convention, it was moved that the word "colored" be added to the name of each Negro delegate. Thereupon, the Reverend James Lynch, a colored man, afterward Secretary of State, moved to amend it so that the color of each delegate's hair should be added also.^[7]