James G. Spady

James G. Spady was born in Capeville, Virginia.^[4] As a young man, he joined the Philadelphia NAACP Youth Council, where he met civil rights leader, attorney, and Philadelphia NAACP President, Cecil B. Moore. Under Moore's leadership, Spady joined the historic 1965 protests to desegregate Girard College, a whites-only K-12 school for poor, orphaned boys.^[5] That successful effort entailed seven months of picketing in front of the school's imposing exterior wall which—upon his visit to the protests—Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called "a kind of Berlin Wall to keep the colored children of God out."^[6] Later, Spady would continue his activism by helping organize Muhammad Ali's 1967 visit to Howard University where Ali gave his "Black is Best" speech.^[7][8][9]

Spady's scholarly work began shortly thereafter, following extensive travels across the African continent and western Europe. Most notably, in May 1968, he and colleagues founded the Black History Museum Library at the Heritage House in North Philadelphia (later relocating to the YWCA on Girard Avenue and the adjoining historic African-American social club, The Pyramid Club).^[10] The library housed—according to contemporary accounts—"three thousand volumes, pamphlets, brochures, slave tracts, papers, correspondences, paintings, musical instruments, recordings, unpublished manuscripts, news clippings, and other materials."^[11] The library published the Black History Museum UMUM Newsletter beginning in October 1971, which focused on African and African diasporic contributions to history, science, music, and literature, and featured original contributions from writers and scholars across the United States and beyond. The formal museum/library space was forced to close by 1973 after a fire and subsequent theft, but continued to release its newsletter and publish books for many years thereafter under various iterations of the Black History Museum UMUM imprint. Importantly, the Black History Museum Library preceded—and helped lay the foundation for—the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum (now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia), whose first director, Charles H. Wesley, was a mentor to Spady and a supporter of this earlier effort.^[12]

In his work as a historian and journalist, James G. Spady interviewed, wrote about, and in some cases befriended a wide range of the most significant scholars, musicians, and writers of the twentieth century, including: Nina Simone, James Brown, Fela Kuti, Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley, Miles Davis, and Dizzy Gillespie; James Baldwin, Gwendolyn Brooks, Ntozake Shange, and Sterling Brown; Cheikh Anta Diop, Mercer Cook, Merze Tate, Adelaide Cromwell, Charles H. Wesley, and Benjamin Quarles.^[1][13]

But Spady also committed a great deal of his life to documenting and honoring the life and work of trailblazing but oft-overlooked cultural figures, intellectuals, and political activists. He led an effort to document the life and work of pioneering African-American architect Julian Abele.^[14] He published a booklet, Julian Abele and the Architecture of Bon Vivant^[15] (1982), and ultimately convinced the Philadelphia Museum of Art and University of Pennsylvania to officially recognize Abele's role in designing the museum as well as several Penn campus buildings.^[16][17] Spady also was instrumental in bringing renewed attention to the pioneering work of poet, folklorist, and professor, Sterling A. Brown, by organizing a major public tribute to him at Washington, DC's Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in 1976 and enlisting poet Robert Hayden to serve as Chairman for the day's program.^[18] That program featured tributes from Ruby Dee and Ossie Davis, A.B. Spellman, Dr. Montague Cobb, Dr. Allison Davis, and Milford Graves, as well as Loïs Mailou Jones who drew charcoal portraits of Sterling Brown live during the event.^[18] Spady and the Black History Museum UMUM Committee subsequently edited and published, Sterling A. Brown: A UMUM Tribute^[19] (1976 and 1982), which featured contributions by Amiri Baraka, Alan Lomax, Ophelia Egypt, Houston Baker, Léon Damas, Arthur Huff Fauset, and Léopold Sédar Senhgor.^[18] In 1979, the Washington, D.C. City Council declared Brown's birthday, May 1, Sterling A. Brown Day, and he was named the city's poet laureate in 1984.^[20] Brown remarked in an interview with The Washington Post: "I've been rediscovered, reinstituted, regenerated and recovered."^[20]

Spady carried out this kind of work for a number of other significant figures, including African-American composer William L. Dawson. He and the Black History Museum Committee published the book, William L. Dawson: A UMUM Tribute and a Marvelous Journey, in 1981.^[21] After interviewing and befriending Senegalese intellectual Cheikh Anta Diop in the late 1960s, Spady wrote one of the first English-language scholarly articles to examine his work ("Negritude, PanBanegritude, and the Diopian Philosophy of African History"] in 1972).^[22][23] When Third World Press published an English translation of Diop's book, The Cultural Unity of Black Africa (1978), it included an afterword by James G. Spady at the request of Diop himself.^[24][25] Spady later commissioned and published a trilingual epic poem by poet and professor Mwatabu Okantah entitled Cheikh Anta Diop: Poem For The Living (1997); this was the first trilingual epic poem ever to be published in English, French, and Wolof.^[26]

As a longtime Philadelphia resident, that city's history and contributions were often the subject of Spady's work. He wrote a biography of his late friend, fellow Philadelphian, and Black Arts Movement visionary, Larry Neal, entitled Larry Neal: Liberated Black Philly Poet with a Blues Streak of Mellow Wisdom (1989).^[27][28] In addition, Spady fought for the commemoration of the life and work of his mentor, attorney, and civil rights leader, Cecil B. Moore, about whom he published a small booklet, Cecil B. Moore: A Soldier for Justice (1985).^[29] Shortly before Spady's death, he wrote the text that formed the basis for SEPTA's recently installed historical exhibit at the Cecil B. Moore Subway Station on Philadelphia's Broad Street Line.^[1] Spady was also asked by famed Philadelphia radio DJ and civil rights figure Georgie Woods to write his biography, which became the book, Georgie Woods – 'I'm Only A Man!': The Life Story of a Mass Communicator, Promoter, Civil Rights Activist (1992).^[30]

Spady was a longtime board member of the Marcus Garvey Memorial Foundation, an educational organization co-founded in 1961 by his mentor, Thomas W. Harvey, who had served as a successor to Marcus Garvey as President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).^[31] In 1985, Spady published Marcus Garvey, Africa, and the Universal Negro Improvement Association.^[32] In 2011, he authored Marcus Garvey, Jazz, Reggae, Hip Hop, and the African Diaspora^[33] and co-edited New Perspectives on the History of Marcus Garvey, the UNIA, and the African Diaspora^[34][35]

Spady dedicated much of the last 35 years of his life to documenting Hip Hop history and culture.^[13][36][37] He co-authored the first trilogy of books about Hip Hop, with Nation Conscious Rap^[38] (1991), Twisted Tales: In the Hip Hop Streets of Philly^[39] (1995), and Street Conscious Rap^[40] (1999), ultimately adding a fourth volume with The Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness^[41] (2006).

Awards Spady received include the American Book Award in 1988^[2] and the National Newspaper Publishers Association's Meritorious Award.^[1]