James Moynihan was born on July 6, 1932, in Rochester, New York, to Michael Joseph and Carolyn Elizabeth (née Horigan) Moynihan; he had one sister, Carol Anne.[1][2] He graduated Nazareth Hall School for Boys in Rochester in 1946. Deciding to become a priest, Moynihan enrolled at St. Andrew's Seminary High School in Rochester. After his high school graduation in 1950, Moynihan entered St. Bernard Seminary College, graduating in 1954 with his Bachelor of Arts degree. Moynihan then traveled to Rome to continue his studies for the priesthood.
After returning to the United States, the diocese in 1961 assigned Moynihan as an associate pastor at Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Parish in Rochester. That same year, he was named as defender of the bond and promoter of justice in the diocesantribunal. In 1962, Moynihan was also assigned as a chaplain to the Monroe County Detention Center in Rochester and the Rochester Police Department. Moynihan left Our Lady in 1962 after Bishop James Kearney named him as his secretary. [1]
Kearney named Moynihan as vice-chancellor of the diocese in 1965. He moved up to the role of chancellor in 1967.[1] In 1974, he began serving as chaplain of Highland Hospital in Rochester. Two years later, the diocese assigned Moynihan as pastor of St. Joseph's Parish in Penfield, New York, until 1991 .In addition to his other duties, he served as director of the Bishop's Annual Catholic Thanksgiving Appeal from 1985 to 1989.[1]
In 1998, Moynihan dropped the syndicated column of Reverend Richard McBrien from the diocesan newspaper. A theologian from the University of Notre Dame, O'Brien was part of the liberal wing of the American Catholic Church. Moynihan replace his column with one by George Weigel, a conservative Catholic .[3]In protest, 54 diocesan priest signed a letter to Moynihan requesting a meeting about it.[4] In November 2001 he released a pastoral letter entitled: Equipping the Saints for the Work of Ministry.[citation needed]Moynihan was a founding member of the Bishop Sheen Ecumenical Housing Foundation, which assisted needy homeowners in the rural areas of the diocese.