Joel Lee Brenner
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Matrix theory
Joel Lee Brenner | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 2, 1912 |
| Died | November 14, 1997 (aged 85) |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Known for | Linear algebra Matrix theory |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Thesis | The Linear Homogeneous Group Modulo P (1936) |
| Doctoral advisor | Garrett Birkhoff |
Joel Lee Brenner (August 2, 1912 – November 14, 1997) was an American mathematician who specialized in matrix theory, linear algebra, and group theory. He is known as the translator of several popular Russian texts. He was a teaching professor at some dozen colleges and universities and was a Senior Mathematician at Stanford Research Institute from 1956 to 1968. He published over one hundred scholarly papers, 35 with coauthors, and wrote book reviews.[1][2][3]
In 1930 Brenner earned a B.A. degree with major in chemistry from Harvard University. In graduate study there he was influenced by Hans Brinkmann, Garrett Birkhoff, and Marshall Stone. He was granted the Ph.D. in February 1936.[3] Brenner later described some of his reminiscences of his student days at Harvard and of the state of American mathematics in the 1930s in an article for American Mathematical Monthly.[4]
In 1951 Brenner published his findings about matrices with quaternion entries.[5] He developed the idea of a characteristic root of a quaternion matrix (an eigenvalue) and shows that they must exist. He also shows that a quaternion matrix is unitarily-equivalent to a triangular matrix.
In 1956 he became a Senior Mathematician at Stanford Research Institute. Brenner, in collaboration with Donald W. Bushaw and S. Evanusa, assisted in the translation and revision of Felix Gantmacher's Applications of the Theory of Matrices (1959).[6]
Brenner translated Nikolaj Nikolaevič Krasovskii's book Stability of motion: applications of Lyapunov's second method to differential systems and equations with delay (1963). He also translated and edited the book Problems in differential equations by Aleksei Fedorovich Filippov.
Brenner translated Problems in Higher Algebra[7] by D. K. Faddeev and I.S. Sominiski. The exercises in this book covered complex numbers, roots of unity, as well as some linear algebra and abstract algebra.
In 1959 Brenner generalized propositions by Alexander Ostrowski and G. B. Price on minors of a diagonally dominant matrix.[8] His work is credited with stimulating a reawakening of interest in the permanent of a matrix.[9]
One of the challenges in linear algebra is to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix of complex numbers. In 1931 S. A. Gershgorin described geometric bounds on the eigenvectors in terms of the matrix elements. This result known as the Gershgorin circle theorem has been used as a basis for extension. In 1964 Brenner reported on Theorems of Gersgorin Type.[10] In 1967 at University of Wisconsin—Madison, working in the Mathematics Research Center, he produced a technical report New root-location theorems for partitioned matrices.[11]
In 1968 Brenner, following Alston Householder, published "Gersgorin theorems by Householder’s proof".[12] In 1970 he published the survey article (21 references) "Gersgorin theorems, regularity theorems, and bounds for determinants of partitioned matrices".[13] The article was extended with "Some determinantal identities".[14]
In 1971 Brenner extended his geometry of the spectrum of a square complex matrix deeper into abstract algebra with his paper "Regularity theorems and Gersgorin theorems for matrices over rings with valuation".[15] He writes, "Theorems can be extended to non-commutative domains, in particular to quaternion matrices. Secondly, the ring of polynomials has a valuation ... a different type of regularity ..."
