Johan Bernard Abraham Fortunatus Mayor Polak

Polak received his first assignment in East Java and was assigned there on 7 November 1929.^[15] He departed from Rotterdam for Batavia on November 16 to carry out his official duties.^[16] He began serving in Bondowoso on 13 June 1930. Apart from being a civil servant, he also sat as a member of the local Regentschapsraad. ^[17][18] Polak was then transferred to Bojonegoro in November 1931, where he became adspirant-controleur (potential controller). ^[19]

He eventually became controller for land affairs in West Kalimantan and then controller of village socio-economic affairs in Cirebon. He was also the Cirebon residency secretary. During World War II, Polak served at the Batavia Residency.

Long before the Japanese army landed in Indonesia, Major Polak was a member of the Indische Sociaal Democratische Partij (ISDP) and Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiderspartij (SDAP). Both accommodate social democratic groups such as Polak.

During the Japanese occupation, Polak became a Japanese prisoner of war. As an Indo, Polak became the target of suspicion from the Kempeitai (Japanese secret police). The Japanese captured Polak and took him prisoner in Padang. After his release, he was involved in the Japanese anti-fascist movement Eenheid door Democratie (EDD) in Cirebon.

After Japan lost, he and the romusha (Dutch and native) were treated in Singapore. In Singapore, Polak worked at the Netherlands Bureau for Documentation and Registration of Indonesians. At the end of 1945, Polak returned to Indonesia and worked again as a colonial employee. Initially, he worked as a controller in Jakarta until around March 1946. Polak was then involved in the establishment of the State of East Indonesia (NIT) at the end of 1946 as translator.

Since January 1947, Polak was appointed as a resident assistant attached to the council of Balinese kings called Paruman Agung.

After the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of sovereignty on 27 December 1949, NIT disbanded. Within the NIT parliament, there are members like Arnold Mononutu who support the Republic of Indonesia. When NIT merged into the United States of Indonesia (RIS), NIT parliament members also entered the RIS parliament. Major Polak was among those who took part in it.

RIS then disbanded in August 1950 and Indonesia became a republic again. At this time, Polak chose to remain in Indonesia and even become a citizen. He then became a member of the DPR RI representing Indo-European citizens. Since 1950, he has been a Hindu and has the Balinese name Nyoman Sukarma.

Polak was then recruited into the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI) led by former Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir. However, in 1957 he resigned from politics and the parliament and devoted himself to the world of education and writing books.

Outside the political realm, Polak is also remembered by name in sociological studies in Indonesia. Polak released several sociology books, including Sociology: A Concise Introduction (1960), Introduction to the Sociology of Industry and Companies (1966), and Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge, Law and Politics (1967). Major Polak's name also appears in Sociology textbooks in high school.

Major Polak was also involved in the establishment of the Malang Economic College (PTEM) on 27 June 1957. PTEM was the embryo of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University. At that time, Major Polak led PTEM while also working at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) Airlangga University. He died of old age on 30 November 1982, in Denpasar, Bali.^[20]