Johann von Geyso
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Johann von Geyso | |
|---|---|
 Johann von Geyso | |
| Born | 1593 Borken, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 1661 (aged 67–68) |
| Allegiance |  Sweden  Bohemian Estates Protestant Union  Denmark  Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel |
| Rank | General-Lieutenant |
| Conflicts | Ingrian War |
Johann von Geyso (1593 – 1661) was a German nobleman and General-Lieutenant, who fought during the course of the Thirty Years' War. After studying in a Dutch military academy, Geyso fought as a mercenary in the armies of Sweden, Bohemia, Denmark and the German Protestant Union. In 1628, having gained significant experience in warfare he returned to his native Hesse-Kassel which he served until the end of the Thirty Years' War, reaching the rank of commander in chief of the Langraviate's forces and becoming ennobled.
Geyso was born to a family of commoners in 1593 in Borken, Hesse.[1] At an early age he was sent to a military academy in the Dutch Republic by Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, where he studied the art of war. He then joined a Swedish Banner which fought in the Ingrian War and the Polish–Swedish War (1600–29) against Russia and Poland respectively. He then returned to the Holy Roman Empire, entering the service of rebellious Bohemian Estates who sparked the Thirty Years' War through the Bohemian Revolt. He fought in the Battle of White Mountain, where he commanded a Fähnlein of infantry, while being in the rank of a captain. After the defeat of the Bohemians he continued to fight for the Protestant Union first under Ernst von Mansfeld, then Bernard of Saxe-Weimar as Rittmeister, finally entering the service of Christian IV of Denmark after the latter intervened into the war. In 1628, he fought as a colonel at the Battle of Lutter, where the Danes were defeated. Whereupon Countess Juliane of Hesse-Kassel requested him to return into his homeland, to which he complied. In 1630, Sweden launched its own intervention into the war, reinvigorating the seditious Protestants in the empire. Geyso was appointed quartermaster general, assisting William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in reorganizing his troops. His next assignment on the field came in 1636 when he defended Paderborn from the combined forces of Johann von Götzen and Gottfried Huyn von Geleen, to whom he had to surrender on 15 August of the same year. In 1637, he supervised the Hessian occupation of Oldersum in East Frisia.[2]
Following the ascension of Countess Amalie Elisabeth to the throne in September 1637, Geyso gains a more prominent role in the Langravate's military campaigns against the rival Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt. In the autumn of 1641, he commanded the defense of Dorsten finally handing it over to Imperial troops on favorable conditions. In 1644, he was summoned by Swedish field marshal Lennart Torstensson who requested his assistance with the encircling of Imperialist Matthias Gallas' army which at the time operated in the vicinity of Magdeburg.[2] Geyso's 2,300 men took part in grueling march through flooded areas, arriving in time to witness the disintegration of the Imperialist army. On 3 August 1645, the courage of the Hessians contributed to the victory at the Battle of Nördlingen (1645).[3]
