After completing his doctorate, he held a Fernand Braudel postdoctoral fellowship at Paris-Sorbonne University from 2014 to 2015.[6][7][8] He later worked at the University of Virginia from 2015 to 2019 as associate director of the university's research program on Religion, Politics and Conflict.[9][10][11] From 2019 to 2022, Teubner was a Research Fellow at Humboldt University of Berlin.[12][13]
In 2021, he joined Harvard University as a research associate and program lead with the Human Flourishing Program.[14] In the same year he co-founded of FilterLabs.AI, a data analytics company.[15][16][17][18]
Teubner's research has focused on history of philosophy, theology, and cultural sociology. His work also includes research on the relationship between artificial intelligence and human flourishing. He has published books on St. Augustine of Hippo and the development of the Latin theological tradition, including Prayer after Augustine: A Study in the Development of the Latin Tradition (2018), which won the Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise in 2019, and Charity after Augustine: Solidarity, Conflict, and the Practices of Charity (2024).[19][20][21]