Joro toxin
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joro spider toxin (joro toxin, JSTX) – a toxin which was originally extracted from the venom of the joro spider (Trichonephila clavata), originally native to Japan.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
(2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-N2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-L-glutaminamide | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
(2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-2-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamido]butanediamide | |
| Other names
Joro Spider toxin | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.217.900 |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C27H47N7O6 | |
| Molar mass | 565.716 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White-grey powder |
| Density | 1.196 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 979.883 °C (1,795.789 °F; 1,253.033 K) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.53 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 10.573 |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 546.414 °C (1,015.545 °F; 819.564 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Biochemical analysis
Joro toxin has demonstrated the ability to selectively block
- postsynaptic glutamate potentials[1] and
- AMPA glutamate receptors.[2][3]
It inhibits
- NMDA receptors in the CNS of vertebrates.[4]
Joro toxin does not affect
- aspartate-induced neural depolarization,
- resting membrane potential,
- nerve terminal spontaneous signalling, or
- inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
Sources
- Jackson, Jaewan; Lee, P.N.R. (1988). "Spider toxins as tools for dissecting elements of excitatory amino acid transmission". Trends in Neurosciences. 11 (6): 278–283. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(88)90112-9. PMID 2465627. S2CID 42853484.
- Saito, Mitsuyoshi; Sahara, Yoshinori; Miwa, Akiko; Shimazaki, Kuniko; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1989). "Effects of a spider toxin (JSTX) on hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro". Brain Research. 481 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90480-0. PMID 2565131. S2CID 24856322.
- Sahara, Yoshinori; Robinson, Hugh P.C.; Miwa, Akiko; Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "A voltage-clamp study of the effects of Joro spider toxin and zinc on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells of the guinea pig hippocampal slice". Neuroscience Research. 10 (3): 200–210. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90057-6. PMID 1677747. S2CID 38895357.
