Josep Rovira i Canals (1902–1968) was a Catalan politician, a leader of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Spanish: Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM). During the Spanish Civil War he managed to send several militia units to the Aragon front, and was arrested by the republican authorities in the context of the repression against the POUM.
Political career
Josep Rovira i Canals was born into a working-class family, he began working as a bricklayer at the age of 13. Refusing to participate in the Rif War, he defected and went into exile in France. There he met Francesc Macià, with whom he collaborated in the preparation of the plot of Prats de Molló, organized in 1926 by Estat Català.
At that time he was also one of the main organizers of the Popular Encyclopedic Athenaeum of Barcelona. In this center, he met the BOC activist María Manonelles, who became his partner. In 1934 he was in charge of the direction of the weekly "L’Hora", and in October he developed a broad activity at the head of the BOC Action Groups during the Revolution of 1934. In September 1935 the BOC merged with the Communist Left of Spain, giving rise to the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Spanish: Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM), of which Rovira became a member of the executive committee.
On June 16, 1937, repression was unleashed against the leaders and militants of the POUM, which claimed the life of Andreu Nin. That same day, after participating in the Huesca Offensive, he received an order from the High Command of the Eastern Army to report to the Barcelona headquarters.[5] There he was detained by the police. Following protests by the 24th and 28th divisions, which were fighting alongside the 29th, Indalecio Prieto intervened as Minister of Defense and Rovira ended up being released.[6] However, the 29th Division was dissolved in July as part of the POUM's repression process. Despite this, the officers managed to be assigned to other Army units.
The POUM was reorganized in hiding during the following period of the Spanish Civil War, with Rovira being elected a member of the clandestine Executive Committee. In October 1938 he was again arrested and imprisoned, although he was not included in the judicial process against the POUM, but was instead accused of participating in the May Events and other serious accusations. This process could not be completed due to the entry of the nationalist forces in Barcelona in January 1939. He managed to be released from the Barcelona Model Prison by a POUM commander and fled to France when the nationalists were close to the border.
Postwar
In exile he participated in the reorganization of the POUM, taking charge of the aid to political prisoners during World War II, organizing a network in collaboration with the French Resistance to cross the Pyrenees with escaped prisoners, Resistance agents and Jews persecuted by the Nazis.
On November 10, 1944, a general conference of the POUM in exile was held in Toulouse. After it, the political evolution of Rovira led him to split, together with a sector of the party, which led to the founding of the Socialist Movement of Catalonia. In 1965, however, he participated in the events commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the POUM. He died in Paris in 1968, his remains being transferred to Catalonia a few years later.