Joseph Bilger
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Joseph Théodore Bilger (1905–1975) was an Alsatian Catholic agrarian activist and autonomist[1] politician during the late years of the French Third Republic.
He was born in born September 27, 1905, in Seppois-le-Haut.
Joseph Bilger began his career as a journalist in Alsatian autonomist and clerical media under the Alsatia group. He was also a member of the Union populaire républicaine (UPR). At the age of 22, he founded a farmers' union in Sundgau, which later aligned with the Elsässischer Bauernbund (Union paysanne d'Alsace) which had been established in February 1924 as a reaction against the pro-government agricultural federation of Alsace-Lorraine.
The Union Paysanne and the Front National du Travail
Bilger became the secretary-general of the Union paysanne d'Alsace in 1928 and led peasant protests in Alsace-Moselle during the 1930s. In 1934, Bilger transitioned the Bauernbund from a professional to a political organisation amidst a crisis affecting small farmers in Alsace and Moselle.[2] In 1935, he founded the Front national du travail (FNT), integrating the Union paysanne. The FNT was anticommunist, antiliberal, antisemitic, and antiparliamentarian. The group adopted green shirts as uniforms, adorned with a Lorraine cross emblem.
Bilger unsuccessfully ran for election in 1936 in Guebwiller, coming fourth. During this time, his movement intensified its opposition to the Popular Front, organizing protests and resisting accusations of fascism or autonomy-seeking. However, his ties to both the antiparliamentary French right, particularly Henri Dorgeres who appropriated his idea of a greenshirt uniform,[3] and the Nazi German regime became increasingly evident.