Joseph Hamilton Beattie
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Joseph Hamilton Beattie | |
|---|---|
| Born | 12 May 1808 |
| Died | 18 October 1871 (aged 63) |
| Children | William George Beattie |
| Engineering career | |
| Discipline | Locomotive engineer |
| Employer | London and South Western Railway |
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Joseph Hamilton Beattie (1808-1871) was a locomotive engineer with the London and South Western Railway. Joseph Beattie was born in Ireland on 12 May 1808.[1] He was educated in Belfast and initially apprenticed to his father, a Derry architect. He moved to England in 1835 to serve as an assistant to Joseph Locke on the Grand Junction Railway and from 1837 on the London and Southampton Railway. After the line opened he became the carriage and wagon superintendent at Nine Elms and succeeded John Viret Gooch as locomotive engineer on 1 July 1850.
Locomotive classes
Initially he designed a series of singles, but the weight of the Southampton and Salisbury expresses led to the development of 2-4-0s. He continued to develop the design over the next 20 years. In addition he developed a series of 2-2-2 and 2-4-0 well tanks and three classes of 0-6-0s. His locomotives were amongst the most efficient of the time. Three of his most famous locomotive design, the 0298 Class 2-4-0 well tanks,[2] were in service for 88 years, until 1962. 2 have been preserved - see the Swanage Railway,[3] Bodmin & Wenford Railway[4] and the National Railway Museum, York.
| Class | Wheel arrangement | Driving wheels | Years built | Builders | Quantity | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hercules | 2-4-0 | 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) | 1851–55 | Nine Elms | 15 | Goods | |
| Tartar | 2-2-2WT | 6 ft 0+1⁄2 in (1.8 m) | 1852 | Sharp Brothers | 6 | Suburban passenger | |
| Sussex | 2-2-2WT | 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) | 1852 | Nine Elms | 8 | Suburban passenger | |
| Saxon | 2-4-0 | 5 ft 0 in (1.5 m) | 1855–57 | Nine Elms | 12 | Goods | |
| Canute | 2-2-2 | 6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) | 1855–59 | Nine Elms | 12 | Passenger | |
| Chaplin | 2-2-2WT | 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) | 1856 | Nine Elms | 3 | Suburban passenger | |
| Minerva | 2-4-0WT | 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) | 1856 | Nine Elms | 3 | Suburban passenger | |
| Nelson | 2-4-0WT | 5 ft 0 in (1.5 m) | 1858 | Nine Elms | 3 | Suburban passenger | |
| Tweed | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 0 in (1.8 m) | 1858–59 | Nine Elms | 6 | Passenger | |
| Clyde | 2-4-0 | 7 ft 0 in (2.1 m) | 1859–68 | Nine Elms | 13 | Express passenger | |
| Nile | 2-4-0WT | 5 ft 9 in (1.8 m) | 1859 | Nine Elms | 3 | Suburban passenger | |
| Undine | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) | 1859–60 | Nine Elms | 12 | Passenger | |
| Eagle | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 0 in (1.8 m) | 1862 | Nine Elms | 3 | Passenger | |
| Gem | 2-4-0 | 5 ft 0 in (1.5 m) | 1862–63 | Nine Elms | 6 | Goods | |
| 298 | 2-4-0WT | 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) | 1863–71 | Beyer, Peacock | 70 | Suburban passenger | 15 more ordered by W.G. Beattie |
| Falcon | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) | 1863–67 | Nine Elms | 17 | Passenger | |
| Lion | 0-6-0 | 5 ft 0 in (1.5 m) | 1863–71 | Nine Elms | 32 | Goods | Six more ordered by W.G. Beattie |
| 221 | 0-6-0 | 5 ft 1 in (1.5 m) | 1866–72 | Beyer, Peacock | 18 | Goods | Six more ordered by W.G. Beattie |
| 231 | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 0 in (1.8 m) | 1866 | Beyer, Peacock | 6 | Passenger | |
| Volcano | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 0 in (1.8 m) | 1866–69 | Nine Elms | 12 | Passenger | Six more ordered by W.G. Beattie |
| Vesuvius | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) | 1869–71 | Nine Elms | 14 | Passenger | 18 more ordered by W.G. Beattie |
Innovations
Beattie was a highly innovative engineer, introducing the country's first successful 2-4-0 locomotive, pioneering feedwater heating, balanced slide valves and coal-burning fireboxes. Since the Rainhill Trials in 1829, it had been accepted that the smoke emitted by burning coal was a nuisance.[6] Railway companies accepted the need to burn coke (a smokeless fuel) in their locomotives, but this was much more expensive than coal, and several locomotive engineers sought a method by which coal could be burned smokelessly.[7] One such engineer was Beattie, who designed a boiler suitable for coal in 1853.[8] However, James Livesey (1831-1925), while demonstrating in Antwerp Beattie's smoke-consuming locomotives for the Belgian Government Railway, finds that this engine does not let enough air in and does not consume as much smoke as it could.[9]