Jumada al-Awwal
Fifth month of the Islamic calendar
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Jumāda l-Ūlā (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأُولَىٰ, romanized: Jumādā al-ʾŪlā, lit. 'The first Jumada'), or Jumada I, is the fifth month of the Islamic calendar. Jumada al-Ula spans 29 or 30 days. The origin of the month's name is theorized by some as coming from the word jamād (Arabic: جماد), meaning "arid, dry, or cold",[1] denoting the dry and parched land and hence the dry months of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar. Jumādā (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ) may also be related to a verb meaning "to freeze", and another account relates that water would freeze during this time of year. The secondary name Jumādā al-Ūlā may possibly mean "to take charge with, commend, entrust, commit or care during the arid or cold month".[1] However, this explanation is rejected by some as Jumādā al-Ūlā is a lunar month that does not coincide with seasons as solar months do.
| Jumada al-Awwal | |
|---|---|
| Native name | جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل (Arabic) |
| Calendar | Islamic calendar |
| Month number | 5 |
| Number of days | 29-30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent) |
In Turkish, the name of the month is cemâziyelevvel (Ottoman Turkish: جماذیالاول);[2][3] it was abbreviated as جا ca in Ottoman Turkish.[2][4]
Timing
The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the tropical year, Jumada al-Awwal migrates backwards throughout the seasons in a cycle of about 33 solar years. The estimated start and end dates for Jumada al-Awwal are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia:[5])
Islamic events
- On 1 Jumada al-Awwal 8 AH (September 629), the Battle of Mu’ta took place in the village of the same name (in present-day Jordan), in which the Muslim army (dispatched by Muhammad) fought against the army of the Byzantine Empire and their Ghassanid vassals reportedly in retribution for the murder of a Muslim emissary by a Ghassanid chief, Shurahbil ibn ‘Amr. The battle was won by the Byzantines, and amongst the losses the Muslims incurred were three of the most prominent Companions of Muhammad: Zayd ibn Haritha (his adopted son, known as the fourth person to become a Muslim); Ja‘far ibn Abi Talib (his cousin), and ‘Abd Allah ibn Rawaha (present at the second pledge at al-‘Aqaba), whom Muhammad had specifically appointed to be generals of the Muslim army in the battle, so that if one of them should be killed, the other would take his place.[6]
- On 5 Jumada al-Awwal, Zaynab bint Ali was born.
- On 8 Jumada al-Awwal, Amir al-Kulal died. Amir Kulal.
- On 10 Jumada al-Awwal 11 AH, Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, died in Medina at the young age of 23 years according to Sunni Muslim sources.
- On 13 Jumada al-Awwal 11 AH, Fatima was buried by her husband Ali.
- On 15 Jumada al-Awwal, Ali ibn Husayn was born.
- On 20 Jumada al-Awwal 857, Mehmed II conquered Constantinople.