Juniata Formation
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| Juniata Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Late Ordovician | |
 Outcrop on U.S. Route 522 at Blacklog Narrows southeast of Orbisonia, Pennsylvania. | |
| Type | sedimentary |
| Underlies | Oswego Formation and Tuscarora Formation |
| Overlies | Bald Eagle Formation |
| Thickness | 400–1,125 ft (122–343 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | sandstone, siltstone, shale |
| Location | |
| Region | Appalachian Mountains |
| Extent | Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia,[1] and West Virginia |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Juniata River in Pennsylvania |
| Named by | Darton and Taff[2] |
The Ordovician Juniata Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, and Maryland. It is a relative slope-former occurring between the two prominent ridge-forming sandstone units: the Tuscarora Formation and the Bald Eagle Formation in the Appalachian Mountains.
Depositional environment
The Juniata is defined as a grayish-red to greenish-gray, thin- to thick-bedded siltstone, shale, and very fine to medium-grained crossbedded sandstone or subgraywacke and protoquartzite with interbedded conglomerate.[3][4] The Juniata is a lateral equivalent of the Queenston Shale in western Pennsylvania.
The depositional environment of the Juniata has always been interpreted as mostly terrestrial or shallow marine deposits resulting in a molasse sequence produced by the Taconic orogeny.
Fossils
Very few fossils exist in the Juniata Formation, but different types of trace fossils such as tracks and burrows can commonly be found.
Age
Relative age dating of the Juniata places it in the Upper Ordovician period, being deposited between 488.3 and 443.7 (±10) million years ago. It rests conformably atop the Bald Eagle Formation in Pennsylvania and the Martinsburg Formation in Maryland,[4] and conformably below the Tuscarora Formation.[5]
