Jānis Vanags

Vanags studied at Liepaja 5th High School (1965–1976), the Latvian State University Chemistry Department (1976–1982), and the Lutheran Theological Seminar (1984–1989). He worked as a chemistry teacher in Riga Vilis Lacis 31st High School (1982–1985).^[4]

Vanags was ordained as a pastor in 1985. He was appointed by the synod to lead the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia in 1993, following the death of Kārlis Gailītis, the previous archbishop, in a car crash. He was consecrated to the episcopate by the Lutheran Bishop of Stockholm, Henrik Svenungsson, on 29 August 1993, bringing the Swedish line of apostolic succession to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia.^[4][5]

Lutheranism is the leading religious tradition in Latvia, with a quarter of the country's 2.4 million population counted by the church as active members. Vanags has returned to the historic^{[according to whom?]} practice of the Lutheran Church by refusing to ordain women since his appointment in 1993. The ordination of women was formally banned by the synod in 2016.^[6]

He retired on 30 August 2025 during a service in Riga Cathedral where he laid his crozier and pectoral cross on the altar of the cathedral.

Vanags has been criticised for his perceived homophobia, particularly when he deposed (defrocked) 36-year-old pastor Maris Sants from holy orders. Sants was known for ministering to AIDS patients, but Vanags deposed the priest "due to his promotion of a tolerant attitude to homosexuality".^{[citation needed]} Through a statement by Mara Grigola, secretary to Vanags, he accused Sants of expressing in public "information that is against Lutheran doctrine".^{[citation needed]} He also stated, "Persons who accept homosexual orientation as normal cannot work in the Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church."^{[citation needed]} Sants told AFP that his dismissal came without warning, following an interview he gave with Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in which he discussed his own homosexuality. "It's the practice in our church to dismiss people and not consult them. The church is not only conservative, but going backwards" said Sants, who added that he had been criticised by church officials for ministering to AIDS sufferers.^{[citation needed]}

Vanags contributed an essay to the 2002 anti-homosexuality book Homoseksuālisms - cilvēces negods un posts,^[7] edited by Aivars Garda, the founder of the ultranationalist Latvian National Front.^[8] "Now homosexuals are recognized as a minority so in principle after them pedophiles may also be recognized as a minority", Vanags was quoted as saying in a January 2002 article in the daily Rīgas Balss.^[9] He is also quoted as saying, "What we could actually say to our brothers and sisters who are in this homosexual orientation, is that they're welcome to receive all that the Gospel means for the church, but we cannot accept their homosexual relationships as a normal alternative to marriage".^{[citation needed]}