Kaduna

The word Kaduna is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word Kadduna (crocodile, kaduna being the plural form).^[7] The name may also be linked to the Gbagyi word Odna, meaning "river".^[8]

Kaduna was founded by British colonists in 1900.^[9] The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard, chose the site for development due to its proximity to the Lagos-Kano Railway.^[10] It became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917,^[11] and retained this status until 1967. The city is still influential as the headquarters of various political, military and cultural organisations, especially in Northern Nigeria.^[12]

In 1976, when the General Murtala Mohammed administration created seven new states in Nigeria, North Central State was renamed Kaduna State, along with its capital. The state was made up of the two colonial period Provinces of Zaria and Katsina. In 1991, the number of states in the country was increased from twenty-one to thirty, after which Katsina Province became Katsina State, while the old Zaria Province became the new Kaduna State. There are twenty-three local government areas (LGAs) in the state, although the number of ethnic groups is much larger.^[13]

Kaduna is a major industrial center in Northern Nigeria, manufacturing products like textiles, machinery, steel, aluminum, petroleum products and bearings.^[14] However, the textile industry has been in decline due to recent Chinese imports and factory closures caused by years of neglect across many administrations. Other light manufactures include: plastics, pharmaceuticals, leather goods, furniture, and televisions.^[10] Agriculture is also a major industry in Kaduna, and as such, the Bank of Agriculture has its headquarters in the city.^[15] Some main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger.^[16] Kaduna also has a branch of the Nigerian Stock Exchange.^[10] Automobile manufacturing also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy.^[17] Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria has an assembly plant in Kaduna.^[18] Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), one of Nigeria's four main oil refineries is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the Niger Delta oil fields.^[10][19]

A 2009 World Bank survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest unemployment. 20% of the population was estimated to be unemployed.^[17]

There is a large racecourse named Murtala Mohammed Square, approximately 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) in perimeter, inside which is found the Kaduna Polo Club. Kaduna Golf Club is also located within the Kaduna central business district. Other sports facilities include the Ahmadu Bello Stadium and Ranchers Bees Stadium.^[20]

The infrastructure network in the city was upgraded by the administration of Governor Nasir el-Rufai with an underpass, flyover structures and streetlight facilities. Kaduna has an inland dry port.^[21] The Nigerian military has several formations and institutions in the city including the Nigerian Defence Academy,^[22] and the Air Force Institute of Technology.

The city is served by Kaduna International Airport. The airport commenced operations in 1982.^[23] The Nigerian Air Force maintains a presence in the city.^[24][25]

Kaduna is also on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway, which has been completed between the national capital of Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Abuja depart from the Rigasa Railway Station in Kaduna.^[26] Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's Cape gauge railway network. At Kaduna, a branch line connects the Lagos–Nguru Railway to the Port Harcourt–Maiduguri railway.^[27]

There are multiple educational institutions within Kaduna, including:^[28]

• Kaduna State University^[29]
• Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Kaduna^[22]
• Greenfield University Kaduna^[30]
• National Open University of Nigeria, Kaduna Study Center
• Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna^[31]
• National Teachers Institute (NTI), Kaduna^[32]
• School of Midwifery Kaduna^[33]
• Kaduna Polytechnic (1968), Kaduna^[34][35]
• National Board for Islamic and Arabic studies^[36]
• Kaduna Business School^[37][38]
• Dialogue Institute Kaduna^[39]
• Institute of Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Kaduna.^[40]

Administration of the state started with the concept of Provincial Administration and Native/Local Authority systems. However, in 1976 the Mohammed Administration introduced the Local Government Area system (LGA) which delegated some responsibilities to the elected/appointed councillors. With each successive Federal Military Administration, the number of the LGAs in Kaduna State increased from fourteen in the early 1980s to the present twenty-three in 1998. In each LGA, smaller units such as districts and wards, are recognised.^[13]

Among the places of worship, there are churches and mosques.^[41] Sultan Bello Mosque is the biggest and a central mosque in Kaduna. There are also churches: Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Nigerian Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance), Evangelical Church Winning All, Living Faith Church Worldwide, Redeemed Christian Church of God, Assemblies of God, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna (Catholic Church), Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries, Universal Reformed Christian Church (Protestant Church).^[42]

Notable people from Kaduna include:

• Railway stations in Nigeria
• Kaduna State
• National Ear Care Centre