Kallawtah

The Kallawtah or kallaftah (كلوتة, kalloutah "bonnet") was a type of Turkic headgear worn during the Middle Ages in the Middle East. It was semi-spherical, and generally worn by the military class without a turban around. Another important headgear of the period was the sharbush.^[1]

In Mamluk Egypt the kallawtah was originally prescribed to be yellow, but Sultan al-Ashraf Khalīl (r. 689–93/1290–93) had it changed to the color red, with the addition of a turban around it.^[1]

Etymologically, the term is thought to be at the origin of the word "Calotte", which is used from architecture to religious headware in western languages.^[2]

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  Horseman impales a bear. Nihāyat al-su’l by Aḥmad al-Miṣrī ("the Egyptian"), dated 1371, Mamluk Egypt or Syria. He is wearing the red kallawtah headgear, with a turban wrapped around.^[3]
• 
  Prince with Turkic features and clothing (detail). Maqamat of al-Hariri 1334, probably Egypt.^[4][5] Possible depiction of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad,^[6] who was himself of Kipchak (Turkic) and Mongol descent.^[7]