Kansas Senate Bill 244

Senate Bill 180 was passed in April 2023 after the Kansas Legislature—which is controlled by a Republican supermajority—overrode a veto by Democratic governor Laura Kelly;^[1] the bill enshrines a definition of biological sex in state law, based on an individual's reproductive organs and ability to produce eggs. The bill ordered state agencies to recognize gender as an immutable male-female binary based on sex assigned at birth that cannot be changed.^[2] SB 180 also contained a bathroom bill intended to prohibit individuals from using single-sex spaces, such as bathrooms, locker rooms, crisis shelters, and any other area "where biology, safety or privacy are implicated that result in separate accommodations", that do not match their sex assigned at birth.^[3][4][5] Proponents of the bill argued that it was meant to protect women and their sex-based rights, while opponents of the bill considered it an attack on the rights of transgender and intersex individuals, and argued that it relied on outdated and inaccurate definitions.^[6][3]

SB 180 did not contain any enforcement mechanisms for its provisions,^[4] but Attorney General Kris Kobach interpreted it as prohibiting new or updated state-issued credentials (including driver's licenses and birth certificates) from containing gender markers that do not match the holder's sex assigned at birth. Kobach stated that existing credentials with gender markers reflecting gender identity would remain valid, but that the state's internal data would be changed to reflect sex assigned at birth, and newly issued credentials would reflect this data. After the bill took effect, Kobach obtained an injunction to prohibit the Kansas Department of Revenue (KDOR) from allowing gender self-identification changes on driver's licenses, citing a "public safety concern".^[7] In June 2025, the Kansas Court of Appeals struck down the injunction, citing that Kobach failed to demonstrate an irreparable harm caused by KDOR's issuance of driver's licenses that reflect their holder's gender identity. Kobach requested an appeal in the Kansas Supreme Court, but was denied in October 2025, after which KDOR resumed offering self-identification.^[8]

In January 2026, House Bill 2426 was introduced in committee by representative Susan Humphries, seeking to legally prohibit birth certificates and driver's licenses from displaying gender markers which do not match the holder's sex assigned at birth.^[9] Before the committee vote, it approved an amendment brought forward by representative Bob Lewis to impose stricter legal restrictions on the use of private sex-segregated spaces in publicly funded facilities.^[10]

After its passage by the House Judiciary Committee, a motion was passed to amend the unrelated Senate Bill 244 in a "gut and go" maneuver, changing its content to consist of the entirety of House Bill 2426. This allowed the bill to bypass Senate hearings, and prevented public debate of the new amendments.^[10] On January 28, 2026, Senate Bill 244 passed both the Senate and House along party lines with a two-thirds majority; House Democrat Dan Osman attempted to table amendments to the bill, but the motion was blocked. The House also passed a motion of "emergency final action" on the bill, allowing the bill to be voted on after its Senate approval without a delay.^[11][12]

The bill was subsequently vetoed by Governor Kelly on February 13, who argued that it was poorly-drafted and had "numerous and significant consequences". Kelly suggested that the Legislature "should stay out of the business of telling Kansans how to go to the bathroom and instead stay focused on how to make life more affordable for Kansans."^[13][14] The veto was overridden by the Senate and House on February 17 and 18.^[15][16] and the bill took effect February 26, 2026.^[17][18]

The bill establishes a statutory interpretation that "gender" be defined as referring to biological sex as defined by SB 180.^[19] It prohibits state-issued identification cards, including driver's licenses and birth certificates, from containing gender markers that do not reflect the holder's sex assigned at birth as defined by SB 180. The bill requires that affected documents be considered invalid immediately upon implementation with no grace period, and that they be reissued with a corrected gender marker at the holder's expense.^[17]

The bill requires multiple-occupancy private spaces in publicly funded facilities (such as bathrooms and locker rooms) to be segregated based on biological sex, and legally prohibits individuals from using facilities which do not correspond with their sex assigned at birth as defined by SB 180. An individual would first receive a warning, after which they may be fined $1,000 for a second offense, and be charged with a misdemeanor for a third offense.^[10][15] The bill also contains a "bounty hunter" provision allowing a private right of action to sue an offender under this law for damages of "at least" $1,000.^{[20][15][21][22]}