Kapaemahu (film)

The film was conceived in 2010 when Wong-Kalu introduced Hamer and Wilson to the stones of Kapaemahu, which she had known since childhood, while they were filming her in Waikīkī for the documentary Kumu Hina.^[3] Recognizing the potential of the site to act as a monument to Hawaiian concepts of healing and gender diversity, the team began researching the history of the stones, which had long been hidden from the public. This led to Hamer's discovery of the first recorded version of the oral tradition, a handwritten manuscript in the archives of the University of Hawai'i that became the basis for the film script.^[1] It was decided to narrate the film in Olelo Niihau, which is the only form of Hawaiian spoken continuously since prior to Western contact and closest to the language that would have been spoken by the healers. Sousa developed a hand-painted art style and palette for the project that is rooted in the Polynesian art forms of tapa making and lauhala weaving.^[1]

The film world premiered at the 2020 Tribeca Film Festival, where it was awarded the Special Jury Mention.^[4] It received favorable reviews from several critics.^[5][6] Sharmindrila Paul of AnimationXpress wrote “ The film looks like poetry in motion. The animation technique is unique and evokes a feeling of witnessing the legend and its history in person”.^[7] It was characterized by Animation Magazine as “a vivid animation seen through the eyes of a child,"^[8] by Filmmaker Magazine as a "rich standout,"^[9] by Zippy Frames as a "thoughtful film about connecting the past to the future, inviting understanding, and executed in a uniquely empathetic way,"^[10] and by IndieWire as "a transgender, Hawaiian breakthrough."^[11]

The animated film was used as the basis for a children's picture book called Kapaemahu published by Penguin Random House. It was also used as the primary storytelling device for the moolelo in a PBS documentary film and an immersive multimedia exhibition at the Bishop Museum, both titled The Healer Stones of Kapaemahu. In 2023, the animated film was incorporated into the commemorative landscape of Hawaii through a permanent display about the stones at the Hawaii Convention Center^[12][13] and new interpretive signage at the Kapaemahu monument in Waikiki,^[14][15] both of which use the animated film as the storytelling device for the moolelo. In 2025 a hula show based on the story, The Return of Kapaemahu, was written and directed by Kumu Patrick Makuakāne and performed on the Kūhiō Beach hula mound, close to the current location of the stones.^[16][17][18]