Karayakupovo culture
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Karayakupovo culture was an archaeological culture in the Southern Urals. The Karayakupovo culture together with Kushnarenkovo archaeological culture are thought to be the archaeological manifestation of the Ugrians,[1] the ancestors of the Hungarians. Alternatively, they may represent ancient Bashkirs.,[2] as the Karayakupovo culture occupied the edge of historic Bashkortostan in 9th-10th centuries.
Remains of the culture have been found in Karayakupovskoe, Old Kalmashevskoe, Chatrinskoe, Taptykovskoe, Kushnarenkovskoe, Chukraklinskoe, Duvaneyskoe, Sasykulskoe, Davlekanovskiy etc. settlements.
The area of the dwellings was about 1,000 square meters. They were located on high ground and were reinforced by one or two low walls and moats.