Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha

Kazimierz Sapieha was educated at the Knight School in Warsaw from 1767 until 1771, and later studied in Italy.^[1] Upon his return, he served as Artillery General of Lithuania, from 1773 to 1793.^[1] As Deputy from Brzesc Litewski, he participated in several Sejms.^[1] Most notably, from 1790, he participated in the Four-Year Sejm in Warsaw, and became Sejm Marshal from 6 October 1788, until 29 May 1792, and Marshal of the Lithuanian Confederation.^[1]

An early supporter of the magnate opposition to any liberalization (his uncle Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki was its leader), Sapieha changed his position under the influence of Stanisław Małachowski, and became a supporter of reforms, and the 3 May Constitution.^[1] He strongly protested, when King Stanisław August Poniatowski joined the Targowica Confederation, and this so angered Sapieha, that he decided to leave Poland. He briefly settled in Dresden.^[1] After the outbreak of the Kościuszko Uprising, he returned to his homeland and participated in the uprising, holding the rank of an Artillery Captain.^[1] After the Uprising collapsed, he left Poland again and spent the rest of his life in exile in Vienna, where he died in 1798.^[1]

• Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded on 1 January 1779.