Kelley-Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition

William Vallangdiham Kelley (1861–1932), a Field Museum trustee and benefactor,^[1][2] financed the expedition, which was extremely well equipped. There were three separate sections of the expedition — one led by the two Roosevelt brothers,^[3] another conducted by the British ornithologist Herbert Stevens,^[4] and another led by H. J. Coolidge.^[5] The mammalogist W. H. Osgood described the expedition's collection of mammalian skins and designated the Roosevelt brothers' section as the first, Stevens's as the second, and Coolidge's as the third. The first section consisted of the two Roosevelt brothers with the naturalist C. Suydam Cutting^[6] and their Chinese interpreter Jack T.Young.^[3]

Stevens accompanied the Roosevelts up the Irrawaddy to the Chinese-Burma border and then in January 1929 went north from Tengyueh with his own caravan. During all of February, he collected specimens at the Lijiang bend.^[7] He then moved north to collect in Sichuan and spent May in the Wushi hills. After some further collecting, he went down the Yangtze to Shanghai, sending 2,400 specimens to the Field Museum.^[8] After separating from Stevens's section of the expedition, the Roosevelt brothers, with Suydam Cutting, went rapidly north to collect specimens of the giant panda. The Roosevelts hunted large mammals that were especially rare. Their party proceeded through Burma to Bhamo and northward to Tatsienlu thence to Mouping. Then going southward through Yachow, they crossed the Qingyi (Tung^[9]) River and continued their journey traveling slightly east of the Panlong River and reaching the railhead at Yunnanfu. From there, Kermit Roosevelt returned to the United States upon an urgent request. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and Suydam Cutting continued to the vicinity of Saigon to procure specimens of banteng, seladang, and water buffalo.^[3]

The third section of the expedition devoted itself to concentrated work in northern Indo-China, mainly in the province of Tonkin. Under the leadership of Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., a party of four was organized in which Russell W. Hendee was the mammalogist, Josselyn Van Tyne ornithologist, and Ralph E. Wheeler, physician and parasitologist. After a brief stop in Annam, where collections were made near Quangtri, this party proceeded to Haiphong and Hanoi and thence up the valley of the Rivière Noire. They passed on into Northern Laos and worked there from a base at Phong Saly, finally descending the Mekong River with a short stop at Vientiane to Savannaket and thence overland to Hue.^[3]

Hendee departed from Coolidge's party in Laos on 14 May 1929 and started down the Mekong to join Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and Suydam Cutting in Saigon, but shortly after his departure, he suffered a severe attack of malarial fever. Taken to a hospital in Vientiane on June 3, Hendee died on June 6.^[3][10]

Coolidge's section of the expedition discovered a new mammalian species Roosevelt's muntjac^[3] and a new avian species Macronus kelleyi.^[5]

The expedition brought back several living specimens for the U.S. National Zoological Park:

Through Theodore Roosevelt, jr., Harold S. Coolidge, jr., and Ralph Wheeler, all of the Kelley-Roosevelt expedition, were presented a trio of white-faced gibbons, father, mother, and child, all magnificent specimens; a rare Bay Bamboo rat; a sun bear; a Himalayan bear; as well as several smaller specimens.^[11]

The expedition collected approximately 5000 bird skins.

A collection of more than 5000 specimens was gathered by the Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition of the Field Museum, in unexplored regions of Siam, French Indo-China, and the interior of Southern China. The work in China was carried on by Theodore Roosevelt '08, his brother, Kermit Roosevelt '12, and by Suydam Cutting '12. The Indo-China Expedition, led by H. J. Coolidge Jr. '27, included Dr. Ralph E. Wheeler '22, M.D. '26 and Dr. Josselyn Van Tyne '25. These six out of the eight members of the expedition were Harvard men. ... The birds were collected mostly by shooting and by the use of ingenious native traps set in the forest at night. The skins were all prepared in the field, and many of them were transported over a thousand miles down rivers, along mountain trails, in the rainy season, before they could be shipped home. They arrived in perfect condition.^[12]

This collection resulted in the identification of five new species of birds.^[13] The expedition collected about 2,000 specimens of small mammals and 40 big mammals, including two giant panda skins (a first for Western museum collectors). The Roosevelt brothers shot and collected one panda and purchased a panda skin from a local hunter. The taxidermic panda specimens are on display in the Hall of Asian Mammals in the Field Museum.^[14]