Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement

The Kiryandongo area was first used for resettling refugees in 1954 ^[4] when the British colonial administration asked the Bunyoro Native Government to give the Colonial Government of the Governor to move Kenyan refugees fleeing the Mau Mau Uprising to Kigumba in what was then Masindi District. The Bunyoro Native Government gave land to the Governor for the period of 49 years. During the Idi Amin administration, the land was part of a large-scale government ranching scheme, of which reminders remain today in the names of the subdivisions of the camp. This left the land sparsely populated.^[5]

In 1990 the Ugandan government gazetted the virtually uninhabited land around Kiryandongo for refugee resettlement. Ethnic Acholi people fleeing the Sudan People's Liberation Army from Parjok in South Sudan were settled in Kiryandongo after temporarily being held in Kitgum and Masindi. During the 1990s the Sudanese refugees were joined by Ugandan Acholi IDPs from the LRA-affected areas of Gulu and Kitgum.^[5]

Kiryandongo also served as an interim stop for displaced people transiting to other camps, including 22,000 who moved from the Achol-Pii Refugee Settlement to Kyangwali in 2002.^[6]

The settlement was later re-opened in 2014 during the South Sudanese emergency to accommodate the influx of refugees fleeing conflict.^[2] The majority of refugees housed in the settlement are from South Sudan, with smaller populations from other neighboring countries.^[2] The settlement is strategically located on the road between Kampala and Gulu in Northern Uganda.^[7]

As of 2024, the settlement houses more than 100,000 people, making it one of the largest refugee settlements in Uganda.^[1] The settlement has experienced significant population growth, particularly with the recent influx of Sudanese refugees fleeing the ongoing conflict in their homeland.^[8] Over 10,000 new arrivals have been registered by UNHCR and transferred to the settlement in recent months.^{[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]}

For the time periods represented in the table, the majority of refugees housed in the settlement are from South Sudan.^[3] In 2024, refugees from Sudan became the second-largest group in the settlement, following intensification of the Sudanese civil war.^[17]