Ko Thein Shin
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Ko Thein Shin (Burmese: ကိုးသိန်းရှင်; lit. 'Lord of the Nine Conquer' or 'Lord of the 900,000'[1]) is a Burmese nat (deity) and the guardian spirit of the Kyaukse Nine Agricultural Districts. Before attaining godhood, he was the Saopha of Maw, and the brother of the queens Saw Mon Hla, Sao Aung, and Sao Nang. Ko Thein Shin's legend is sometimes conflated with that of Ko Myo Shin, another nat and the guardian spirit of the Bago Region. This has caused confusion in many scholarly accounts, with the two legends occasionally being merged.[2][3]
According to legend, Ko Thein Shin was Sao Khun Naung (also spelt Saw Kaw Mong), the Saopha of Maw during the reign of King Anawrahta of Pagan around 740. He was the brother of Saw Mon Hla, one of Anawrahta's principal queens. One day, after dismissing Saw Mon Hla from the court, Anawrahta felt sorrow for his actions and marched to Maw. By the time he arrived, Saw Mon Hla and her father had already died, and her brother Sao Khun Naung had succeeded as new ruler of Maw. After Anawrahta explained himself and admitted his wrongdoing, Sao Khun Naung welcomed him and offered his two younger sisters Sao Aung and Sao Nang to Anawrahta as tribute.[4][5]
His two sisters died in Kyaukse, sacrificing themselves so that the Zeedaw Dam on the Zawgyi River, which had failed many times, could finally be built. Prophets had told King Anawrahta that the dam would only succeed if a sacred royal lady was offered. So, Sao Aung sacrificed herself for the people and the kingdom, and her younger sister followed her in the sacrifice. When Sao Khun Naung heard the news of his sisters' deaths, he went to Kyaukse and, heartbroken, jumped into the Zawgyi River, becoming a nat.[4][6]
The three siblings then appeared before King Anawrahta and asked for a divine place as apaing-za to live. Anawrahta granted them the Kyaukse Nine Agricultural Districts as their spiritual domain and ordered the people in those districts to worship them as guardian deities. Sao Aung was given control over the upper dam of Zeedaw, and Sao Nang over the lower dam.[4][7]
Worship
His main shrine is located at the Zeedaw Dam in Kyaukse, and other shrines can be found across the Nine Agricultural Districts and in Shan State. In the Kyaukse Nine Agricultural Districts, locals believe that on the 9th day of the waxing moon and the 9th day of the waning moon, nine people should never travel together. If they do, it is thought that misfortune or calamity will follow. To avoid this, travelers in these districts traditionally refrain from moving in groups of nine. To avert bad luck when nine people must travel together, locals pick up a small stone and symbolically add it as a tenth companion, calling it "Maung Kyauk Ke" (မောင်ကျောက်ခဲ, lit. 'Brother Stone').[4]
References
- ↑ The Burmese Nats: Between Sovereignty and Autochthony. 1 January 1996. pp. 45–60. doi:10.1177/039219219604417404.
- ↑ TAKATANI, Michio. "An Anthropological Analysis of Burmanization of the Shan" (PDF). Library.tsri.or.th. Hiroshima University': 1–4.
- ↑ シャン文化圈における言語学的・文化人類学的調查: 平成8年度-平成10年度科学研究費補助金(国際学術研究)研究成果報告書. Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. 1999. p. 229. ISBN 978-4-87297-743-1.
- 1 2 3 4 Temple, Sir Richard Carnac (1981). မြန်မာ့မိရိုးဖလာဓလေ့ နတ်သမိုင်း: ၃၇ မင်း မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၌ကျင့်သုံးသော နတ်ပူဇော်သောဓလေ့များ [Myanmar Folk Traditions and Nat History: The 37 Lords and the Nat Worship Practices in Myanmar] (in Burmese). Cā pe Mitʻ chve Cā pe. pp. 158–163.
- ↑ Oh, Su-Ann (16 August 2016). Myanmar's Mountain and Maritime Borderscapes. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. ISBN 978-981-4762-67-0.
- ↑ Brac De La Perrière, Bénédicte (1 July 2002). "Sibling Relationships in the Nat Stories of the Burmese Cult to the "Thirty-seven"". Moussons. Recherche en Sciences Humaines Sur l'Asie du Sud-Est (5): 31–48. doi:10.4000/moussons.2670. ISSN 1620-3224.
- ↑ Burma Gazetteer. Volume A.: Kyaukse, 1925. Superintendent, Government Print. 1925. p. 39-40.
