L 98-59
Red dwarf in the constellation Volans
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L 98-59 (TOI-175, TIC 307210830) is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs (34.60 light-years), as measured by the Gaia spacecraft.[7]
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Volans |
| Right ascension | 08h 18m 07.62144s[1] |
| Declination | −68° 18′ 46.8054″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.69±0.05[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Red dwarf (main sequence) |
| Spectral type | M3V[3] |
| B−V colour index | +1.53[2] |
| R−I colour index | +1.28[2] |
| Variable type | None |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −6.10±0.19[1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 94.794(18) mas/yr[1] Dec.: −340.084(20) mas/yr[1] |
| Parallax (π) | 94.2664±0.0155 mas[1] |
| Distance | 34.599 ± 0.006 ly (10.608 ± 0.002 pc) |
| Details[4] | |
| Mass | 0.2923±0.0067 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.3155±0.0062 R☉ |
| Luminosity (bolometric) | 0.0122±0.0010 L☉ |
| Habitable zone inner limit | 0.090 au |
| Habitable zone outer limit | 0.237 au |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.91±0.02 cgs |
| Temperature | 3415±60[3] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.46±0.26[3] dex |
| Rotation | 76.7±1.5 days |
| Age | 4.94±1.44[5] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| L 98-59, NLTT 19357, TOI-175, TIC 307210830, TYC 9193-2365-1, 2MASS J08180763-6818468[6] | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| Exoplanet Archive | data |
Broadband photometry shows that it is an M3 dwarf star with three confirmed terrestrial-sized planets in transit, which were announced in March 2019 by TESS,[8] as well as two additional non-transiting planets, for a total of five known planets. The outermost planet is in the habitable zone.[9]
Planetary system
The planets b, c, and d of L 98-59 were discovered in 2019 by TESS.[8] The non-transiting potential super-Venus planet L 98-59 e was discovered in 2021, along with indications of the presence of L 98-59 f, another non-transiting super-Earth located in the system's habitable zone.[3][10] In 2025, the planet f was confirmed, and an additional planet candidate orbiting interior to planet b was detected.[9]
The two innermost confirmed planets, L 98-59 b and c, as well as L 98-59 e are possibly hot rocky worlds. L 98-59 d has a low density, around 2.2 g/cm3 versus 5.5 g/cm3 for Earth, indicating large amounts of volatiles.[11]
In September 2021, suggested tests of the abilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope to detect and describe the atmospheric features of the three inner planets were reported.[12] Hubble observations of the three transiting planets in 2022 have found no clear evidence of atmospheres, with high mean molecular weight atmospheres, cloudy or hazy atmospheres, or no atmospheres all being consistent with the observed flat spectra.[13][14][15][16] However, the JWST did find evidence of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide for planets b and d, suggesting that both are sulfur-rich volcanic worlds with strong tidal heating,[17][18] and may contain a global internal magma ocean.[19][5][20]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .06[9] (unconfirmed) | ≥0.58±0.12 M🜨 | 0.0188±0.0004 | 1.7361+0.0007 −0.0008 |
0.027+0.040 −0.020 |
— | — |
| b | 0.46±0.11 M🜨 | 0.0223±0.0007 | 2.2531140(4) | 0.031+0.017 −0.016 |
88.08+0.23 −0.20° |
0.837±0.019 R🜨 |
| c | 2.00±0.13 M🜨 | 0.0309±0.0010 | 3.6906764(4) | 0.002+0.002 −0.001 |
88.88+0.21 −0.17° |
1.329±0.029 R🜨 |
| d | 1.64±0.07 M🜨 | 0.0494±0.0016 | 7.450729(2) | 0.006+0.007 −0.004 |
88.44±0.05° | 1.627±0.041 R🜨 |
| e | ≥2.82±0.19 M🜨 | 0.0712±0.0022 | 12.8278±0.0018 | 0.012+0.009 −0.008 |
80–88.82° | — |
| f | ≥2.8±0.3 M🜨 | 0.1052±0.0033 | 23.064±0.055 | 0.044+0.027 −0.028 |
74–89.20° | — |
Gallery
See also
- List of potentially habitable exoplanets
- List of exoplanets discovered in 2019
- TOI-700 d – Goldilocks terrestrial planet orbiting TOI-700
