Laquinimod

Laquinimod is an experimental immunomodulator developed by Active Biotech and Teva. It is being investigated as an oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) and Huntington's disease.

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Laquinimod

Names
Preferred IUPAC name 5-Chloro-N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide
Identifiers
CAS Number	248281-84-7 N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL66092 Y
ChemSpider	11444966 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.220.145
IUPHAR/BPS	7639
PubChem CID	216469
UNII	908SY76S4G Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30179536
InChI InChI=1S/C19H17ClN2O3/c1-3-22(12-8-5-4-6-9-12)19(25)16-17(23)15-13(20)10-7-11-14(15)21(2)18(16)24/h4-11,23H,3H2,1-2H3 Y Key: GKWPCEFFIHSJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C19H17ClN2O3/c1-3-22(12-8-5-4-6-9-12)19(25)16-17(23)15-13(20)10-7-11-14(15)21(2)18(16)24/h4-11,23H,3H2,1-2H3 Key: GKWPCEFFIHSJOE-UHFFFAOYAW
SMILES CCN(c1ccccc1)C(=O)C\3=C(/O)c2c(Cl)cccc2N(C)C/3=O
Properties
Chemical formula	C19H17ClN2O3
Molar mass	356.803 g/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	N07XX10 (WHO)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

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Laquinimod is the successor of Active Biotech's failed experimental immunomodulator linomide.^[1]

The compound has been investigated in two Phase II trials using successive magnetic resonance scans (MRI). Laquinimod seems to be able to reduce the MS disease activity on MRI.^[2][3][4] However, the response to a given dose was discrepant between both studies.^[5]

Phase III studies for MS started in December 2007.^[6] In 2011, Teva announced its clinical trials involving laquinimod had failed, being unable to significantly reduce relapses in MS among patients beyond a placebo.^[7] However, the final results of above-mentioned phase III trial proved oral laquinimod administered once daily slowed the progression of disability and reduced the rate of relapse in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.^{[8] [clarification needed]}

On May 7, 2013, laquinimod was approved by the Russian Ministry of Health (the FDA analog) as a treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) under the brand name Nerventra.^[9]