Leptotrichiaceae
Family of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leptotrichiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Fusobacteriales. The family includes several genera, such as Leptotrichia, Streptobacillus, Sneathia, Caviibacter, Oceanivirga, Sebaldella, Pseudoleptotrichia, and Pseudostreptobacillus. Bacteria in this family are gram-negative, typically anaerobic, and inhabit diverse environments, including the mucous membranes of humans and animals, as well as ocean sediments.[1] While some species are part of the normal microbial flora, others can act as opportunistic pathogens, causing infections in immunocompromised individuals.
| Leptotrichiaceae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Fusobacteriati |
| Phylum: | Fusobacteriota |
| Class: | Fusobacteriia |
| Order: | Fusobacteriales |
| Family: | Leptotrichiaceae Gupta et al. 2013 |
| Genera | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Characteristics
Members of Leptotrichiaceae are gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are non-motile and non-spore-forming. They are predominantly anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic, thriving in low-oxygen environments, and exhibit fermentative metabolism, producing organic acids from carbohydrates. Many species are fastidious, requiring enriched media such as blood or serum for growth.[2] These bacteria are commonly isolated from the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital system of mammals, as well as from marine habitats.
Genera
The family Leptotrichiaceae encompasses the following genera:
- Caviibacter – Isolated from clinical specimens, including abscesses in animals.[3]
- Leptotrichia – Found in the oral cavity and other mucous membranes; some species are implicated in infections in neutropenic patients.[4]
- Oceanivirga – Found in marine environments, including ocean sediments and fish.[5]
- Pseudoleptotrichia – A recently identified genus contributing to the phylogenetic diversity of Leptotrichiaceae.
- Pseudostreptobacillus – Another newly recognized genus within the family, distinct from Streptobacillus.
- Sebaldella – A genus found in the human oral and gastrointestinal microbiota, occasionally acting as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals.
- Sneathia – Associated with the female urogenital tract and linked to conditions like bacterial vaginosis.[6]
- Streptobacillus – Includes Streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative agent of streptobacillary rat-bite fever, a zoonotic disease.[7]
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[8]
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[9][10][11] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226[12][13][14] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|