Lingua sistemfrater
Constructed language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lingua sistemfrater ("Language of Brotherhood"), also referred to as Frater, is an a posteriori international auxiliary language created by Vietnamese translator Phạm Xuân Thái[1] in 1957 as Frater (Lingua sistemfrater): The simplest International Language Ever Constructed. The language uses a largely Greco-Latin lexicon,[2] and an Asian-influenced grammar.[3]
-
International auxiliary language
- Lingua Sistemfrater
| Lingua Sistemfrater | |
|---|---|
| Created by | Pham Xuan Thai |
| Date | 1957 |
| Setting and usage | International auxiliary language |
| Purpose | Constructed language
|
| Sources | A posteriori language with a predominantly Romance vocabulary and an Asian-based grammar |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
Frater was one of the (comparatively rare)[4] international languages created in Asia,[5] and had a vocabulary of more than 6,000 words.[citation needed]
Phonology and orthography
Frater used an orthography of eighteen letters from the Latin script: five vowels: a, e, i, o, u, and thirteen consonants: b, d, f, g, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, and t. These letters were enunciated as their pronunciations in the International Phonetic Alphabet, with the following exceptions:
- ⟨j⟩ is pronounced as [z];
- The letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ are pronounced as the diphthongs [ei] and [ou], respectively.
The stress is placed on the last syllable of the word; there are no silent letters.[citation needed]
Grammar
Article
There is no indefinite article or definite article.
Personal Pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| English | I | you | he | she | it | we | you | they |
| Frater | mi | ni | ili | mis | nis | ilis | ||
Possessives are formed by adding the preposition ot before the pronoun. Unlike English that distinguishes three genders for the third-person singular pronoun, the pronoun was invariable.
Nouns
The noun in Frater is invariable. Plurals can be formed by adding -multi (many) to the end of the noun:
mensa (table) - mensamulti (tables)
Adjectives
The adjective in Frater is invariable and is always placed after the noun; except for cardinal numbers.
| Frater | English | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparative of superiority | plus | more than | |
| Comparative of inferiority | plusne | less than | |
| Comparative of equality | je | as...as | |
| Absolute superlative | tele | very | |
| Superlative of superiority | plasuni | the most | |
| Superlative of inferiority | plasunine | the least | |
Numbers
The cardinal numbers in Frater:
1 - uni 2 - bi 3 - tri 4 - kuadri 5 - kuinti 6 - ses 7 - sep 8 - okta 9 - nona 10 - deka
11 - dekauni 12 - dekabi 13 - dekatri
20 - bideka 24 - bidekakuadri
30 - trideka 40 - kuadrideka
85 - oktadekakuinti
100 - senti 367 - trisenti-sesdeka-sep 600 - sessenti
1000 - mil 1000000 - milion
Ordinal numbers are formed by placing the cardinal number after the noun.
Verbs
The verb in Frater is invariable in person and in number.
| Grammatical form | Frater | English | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ide | to think | |
| Present | Mi ide | I think | |
| Past | Ni ide pas | You thought | |
| Future | Ili ide futur | He/she/it will think | |
| Imperative | Ide! | Think! | |
| Conditional | Mis ide probable | We would think | |
The passive voice is formed by adding the auxiliary verb es before the infinitive: Ilis es trauma (they are wounded).
Syntax
The syntax in Frater is: Subject - Verb - Object.
Questions are formed by placing the verb before the subject.
Interrogative words include: antropkia (who), kia (what), plaskia (where), temkia (when), prokia (why), kak (how), and multikia (how much; how many).
Sample text
The Lord's Prayer
For comparison the Lord's Prayer is provided in Frater, Glosa (a later auxiliary language with isolating grammar and Greco-Latin vocabulary), Latin and English.
| Frater
Pater mis in sel, |
Glosa
Na patri in urani: |
Latin (Roman Missal)[6]
Pater noster qui es in caelis |
English (1662 Anglican BCP)[7]
Our Father, which art in heaven, |