List of European Space Agency programmes and missions

The Voyage 2050 programme is the successor to the Cosmic Vision programme within ESA's Science Programme for the period 2035-2050.^[24]

• Hera, launched in October 2024, operational – European asteroid probe aimed at studying the effects of a NEO's impact created by NASA's DART mission using 65803 Didymos's moon (Dimorphos) as a target

• Draco, launching in 2027, future – small space capsule monitoring the breakup and demise processes of a re-entering satellite^{[39][40][41][42]}
• SWING, launching in 2027, future – ionosphere monitoring mission^[43]
• PRELUDE, launching in 2027, future – in-orbit demonstration of space manoeuvres and relative navigation technologies for active debris removal^{[44][45][46][47]}
• SAWA, launching in 2028, future – thermosphere monitoring mission^[43]
• Ramses, launching in April 2028, future – mission to the near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis
• ClearSpace-1, launching in 2029, future – space debris removal demonstration mission with the objective of deorbiting PROBA-1
• CREAM in-orbit demonstration, launch planned for 2028, future – automated collision avoidance demonstration mission^[43]
• OPTIMIST, launch planned for 2028, future (proposed) – registering tiny space debris test^[43]
• RISE, launching in 2029, future – in-orbit servicing demonstration mission^[48][49]
• Aurora-D & Aurora-C, first launch planned for 2030, future (proposed) – a demonstrator satellite and a satellite constellation for Auroral oval monitoring^[50][51]
• SAILOR, future (proposed) – space debris monitoring satellites using solar sail-like foils as impact detectors^[52][53][54]
• Visdoms-S, launch planned for 2030, future – optical observation of space debris^[43]
• Satis, launch planned for 2030, future (proposed) – cubesat mission an asteroid^[55][43]
• CAT (CApTure Payload Bay), launch planned for 2030, future — joint ESA-AEE mission to test a standardised docking interface for satellite removal^[56]
• ERASE, launch planned for 2030, future (proposed) – removal of a large satellite^[43]
• Vigil, launching in 2031, future – space weather mission to the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 5
• Ecostars, launch planned for 2031, future (proposed) – Ecodesign technologies test^[43]
• Circular Economy I, launch planned for 2031, future (proposed) – in-orbit refurbishment mission^[43]
• LEMO demonstrator, launch planned for 2032, future (proposed) – cis-lunar debris monitoring mission^[43]
• Precision Asteroid Nudging, launch planned for 2032, future (proposed) – ion-beam asteroid deflection test^[43][57]
• SWORD, launching in 2032, future (proposed) – two satellites in GTO-like orbit monitoring Earth's radiation belts^[58][59][60]
• NEOMIR, launch planned for 2030s, future (proposed) – asteroid-detecting space telescope in the Sun-Earth L1 point^[61]
• SHIELD, launch planned for 2030s, future (proposed) – CME advanced warning mission^[43]
• ENCORE, launch planned for 2030s, future (proposed) – mission life extension^[43]
• e.Deorbit, cancelled – space debris removal demonstration mission, superseded by ClearSpace-1

• European Astronaut Corps, since 1983, operational – selects, trains, and provides European astronauts as crew members on NASA and Roscosmos space missions
• Spacelab, launched between 1983 and 1998, completed – a reusable crewed laboratory developed by ESA and used on certain flights of the Space Shuttle
• Euromir, launched in 1994 and 1995, completed – ESA astronaut missions to the Mir space station
• ESA contribution to the International Space Station (ISS), since 2001, operational
  • Columbus, launched in February 2008, operational – a crewed laboratory module
  • Columbus External Payload Facility, launched in February 2008, operational – two platforms for external payloads attached to the starboard cone of Columbus
  • Bartolomeo, launched in April 2020, operational – a platform for external payloads attached to Columbus
  • Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), launched between 2008 and 2015, completed – an expendable cargo spacecraft
  • Cupola, launched in February 2010, operational – an ESA-built observatory module
  • European Robotic Arm (ERA), launched in July 2021, operational – a robotic arm that is attached to the Russian segment of the International Space Station
• European Service Module (ESM), first launched in November 2022, operational – a component of the crewed Orion spacecraft, part of the NASA-led Artemis program
• ESA participation in private missions to ISS, since 2024, operational – ESA astronauts on short-term private flights on Dragon 2
  • Muninn on Axiom Mission 3, launched in January 2024, completed
  • Ignis on Axiom Mission 4, launched in June 2025, completed
  • Mission of Aleš Svoboda, launching no earlier than 2027, future^[65][66]
  • EPIC (ESA Provided Institutional Crew) mission, future^[67]
• LEO Cargo Return Service, first launch planned for 2028, future – a program to develop space capsules capable of resupplying space stations and returning cargo from orbit.^[68][69][70] As of 2025, development of two vehicles is being supported by ESA: The Exploration Company's Nyx capsule and Thales Alenia Space's capsule^[71]
• ESA contribution to commercial space station programmes, future — ESA intends to use the services of low Earth orbit commercial space stations like Orbital Reef or Starlab and to support European industry in supplying major components for these projects^[72][73][74]
• ESA contribution to the Lunar Gateway, cancelled by NASA in 2026^[75] – an international crewed space station in lunar orbit, part of the NASA-led Artemis program
  • European Radiation Sensors Array (ERSA), cancelled – ESA-built component of the NASA HALO module
  • LunarLink, cancelled – ESA-built communication equipment package connected to the NASA HALO module
  • Lunar I-Hab, cancelled – joint ESA-JAXA habitat module
  • ESPRIT Refueling Module (ERM), cancelled – a crewed service module providing refueling, communications equipment, habitation area, and storage
• Hermes, cancelled – proposed human spaceflight program centered around a CNES-designed reusable spaceplane. Project cancelled in 1992 due to difficulties with achieving financial and scientific goals
• Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer, cancelled – proposed space station intended to be serviced by the Hermes spaceplane
• Hopper, cancelled – successor concept to Hermes. Cancelled in 2005 after lack of interest
• CSTS, cancelled – former proposed design for a crewed spacecraft for low Earth orbit operations
• Aurora programme, cancelled – ESA human spaceflight programme from 2001

• Ariane 1, Ariane 2, Ariane 3, Ariane 4, and Ariane 5, launched between 1979 and 2023, completed – past expendable launch systems of the Ariane rocket family developed for ESA
• Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD), launched October 1998, completed – space capsule demonstration mission to test new technologies in atmospheric entry design
• Vega, launched between 2012 and 2024, completed – an expendable small-lift launch vehicle developed jointly by ESA and ISA
• Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP), since 2004, operational – ESA rocket development projects
  • Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV), launched February 2015, completed – experimental suborbital re-entry vehicle; demonstration mission for reusable launchers and spaceplanes
  • Vinci, first launch in 2024, operational – restartable, cryogenic, liquid-propellant rocket engine that powers the upper stage of Ariane 6
  • Space Rider, launching 2028 onward, future – an uncrewed lifting body orbital spaceplane, result of the Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe and a successor to IXV
  • Prometheus, future – methalox spacecraft propulsion system
  • Themis, future – ESA programme to develop a prototype reusable rocket first stage using the Prometheus rocket engine. A similar project called CALLISTO is being independently developed by CNES, DLR, and JAXA and DLR alone is developing the Reusable Flight Experiment (ReFEx), a demonstrator for a winged reusable rocket first stage.^[80]
• QARMAN, launched in 2019, failed – cubesat for testing reentry technologies
• Vega C, first launch in 2022, operational – a European expendable, small-lift launch vehicle, an evolution of the original Vega launcher, designed to offer greater launch performance and flexibility
• MicroHETsat, launched in 2023, operational – testing Hall Effect Thrusters on a microsatellite platform
• Ariane 6, first launch in 2024, operational – a European expendable launch system developed for ESA and manufactured by ArianeGroup. As part of the Ariane rocket family, it is operated by Arianespace, replacing the Ariane 5
• Boost! programme, since 2020,^[81][82] operational – support for European commercial initiatives that offer transportation services to space, in space, and returning from space. The supported projects include: Isar Aerospace's Spectrum launch vehicle,^[83] Orbex's Prime launch vehicle (canceled),^[84] Rocket Factory Augsburg's RFA One launch vehicle,^[85] PLD Space's Miura 5 launch vehicle,^[86] Skyrora's XL launch vehicle,^[87] HyImpulse's SL1 launch vehicle,^[88] Space Forge's ForgeStar reentry vehicle,^[89] SpaceForest's Perun suborbital sounding rocket,^[90] D-Orbit's ION satellite carrier,^[91] and the Omega service consortium's satellite propulsion systems^[92]

• Flight Ticket Initiative, since 2023, operational – joint ESA-EU programme supporting development of new satellite technologies with subsidized launch opportunities^[93]
• European Launcher Challenge, first launch expected not later than 2027, future – ESA-funded competition to support new launch vehicles with up to 169 million euro for each selected vehicle^[94]
• ASTRIS, future — an optional add-on stage for Ariane 6^[95] using the BERTA engine developed under FLPP^[96]
• ASTRALIS, first flight planned for 2029, future — orbital transfer vehicle based on ASTRIS^[97]
• Reusable Upper Stage Demonstrator, future (proposed) – technology demonstration for reusable launch vehicles^[98][99]
• INVICTUS, first flight planned for 2031, future (proposed) – hypersonics and horizontal launch demonstrator based on the SABRE engine technology^[100][101]
• Ariane Next, future (proposed) – a partially reusable launcher planned to succeed Ariane 6
• EXPERT, cancelled – concept for a flying hypersonic re-entry vehicle with cooperation with Roscosmos. Indefinitely postponed since 2012, due to Roscosmos' withdrawal from the project

• ISEE-2, launched October 1977, completed – ESA component of the Joint NASA-ESA International Sun-Earth Explorer series of magnetospheric observations
• Giotto, launched July 1985, completed – first interplanetary mission by the ESA, aimed at performing the first comet flyby, of Comet Halley. Part of the canonical Halley Armada
• Ulysses, launched October 1990, completed – joint ESA-NASA Solar observatory mission, employing a spacecraft in a polar heliocentric orbit
• SMART-1, launched September 2003, completed – demonstration mission for solar electric propulsion, manifesting in a lunar orbiter mission carrying low-cost, miniaturised instruments
• Mars Express, launched June 2003, operational – Mars orbiter mission focused on observing the planet through high-resolution imagery and conducting research of the planet's interaction with the solar system
• Venus Express, launched November 2005, completed – Venus orbiter mission, focused on long-term study and observation of its atmosphere from polar cytherocentric orbit
• Schiaparelli, launched March 2016, failed – demonstration mission for landing technologies designed for the ExoMars surface platform. Failed upon landing on Mars
• Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched March 2016, operational – Mars orbiter component of the ExoMars astrobiology mission, focused on observing methane in the planet's atmosphere for clues to past or present life on Mars
• HENON, scheduled to launch in 2026, future – a space weather mission, ESA's first ever stand-alone deep space cubesat^[102][103]
• Lunar Pathfinder, scheduled to launch in 2026, future – a lunar communication satellite, precursor to the Moonlight Initiative
• M-Argo, launch planned for 2027, future – a cubesat mission to an asteroid^[104][105]
• LUMIO, launch planned for 2027, future – a cubesat mission to characterize the impacts of near-Earth meteoroids on the lunar far side
• Moonlight, launching 2028 onward, future – a constellation of communication and navigation satellites around the Moon. Part of the NASA-ESA-JAXA project LunaNet
• Rosalind Franklin, launching 2028, future – an ExoMars program Mars landing mission. Planned to be the first European Mars rover
• VMMO, launch planned for 2028, future (proposed) – cubesat mission to map the distribution of water ice and ilmenite in the Moon's shadowed polar regions^[106]
• Moonraker, launch planned for 2028, future (proposed) – LiDAR mapping mission in a polar orbit around the Moon
• MAGPIE, launch planned for 2029, future – the first lunar rover mission by ESA; developed by ispace
• Máni, launch planned for 2029, future – Danish-led small Lunar satellite for high-resolution mapping of the Moon's surface^[107]
• Argonaut, first launch planned for 2030, future – a class of large lunar landers for lunar logistics
• ASSIGN (Advancing Solar System Internet and GrouNd) programme, future (proposed) – interplanetary communication network of networks building upon the Moonlight initiative^[108][109]
  • SSI Node-1, future (proposed) – central element of ASSIGN; demonstration of an optical trunk link from Moon's orbit^[108]
• LightShip, first launch planned for 2032, future (proposed) – a propulsive tug for interplanetary transfer to Mars^[110]
• SpotLight, launch planned for 2032, future (proposed) – high resolution imagery Mars orbiter.^[111] The first spacecraft to be delivered to Mars by LightShip, part of the LightShip-1 mission^[112]
• 2035 Mars lander, launch planned for 2035, future (proposed) – a larger follow-up to Rosalind Franklin with high-precision landing on Mars.^[113] The first mission using results of the Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing (MEDaL) programme^[111]
• Flapping Wing Mars Explorer, future (proposed) — in-situ measurements near Mars surface using a hummingbird-inspired biomimetic aerial platform^[114][115]
• ODINUS, future (proposed) – a dual Uranus and Neptune orbital mission. Proposed for the L2 and L3 missions of the Cosmic Vision programme, but eliminated from the running both times
• Marco Polo, future (proposed) – a sample-return mission focused on collecting and returning a sample from a Near-Earth object. Proposed for the M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 missions of the Cosmic Vision programme, it has since been rejected all five times
• ESA contribution to Mars Sample Return, cancelled:^[116][117]
  • Earth Return Orbiter (ERO), reuse of certain components possible^[118]
  • Sample Transfer Arm, possibly reassigned to a new role on the Moon^[119]
• Don Quijote, cancelled – concept for a demonstration mission, testing technologies in asteroid deflection. Abandoned after lack of interest from the ESA
• Lunar Lander, cancelled – proposed launch in 2018 – Demonstration mission aimed at testing new technologies in lunar landing, including autonomous redirects. Project put on hold due to lack of financial support, as of 2012. Superseded by Argonaut
• HERACLES, cancelled – planned robotic lunar landing system by ESA and JAXA. Superseded by Argonaut

• COS-B, launched August 1975, completed – gamma-ray space observatory mission organized by the European Space Research Organisation, a precursor to the ESA. The first mission launched by ESA
• International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), launched January 1978, completed – joint NASA-ESA-SERC ultraviolet space observatory mission for general astronomy
• EXOSAT, launched May 1983, completed – ESA's first X-ray space observatory mission
• Hipparcos, launched August 1989, completed – first astrometry mission ever launched, focused on cataloguing over 118,200 stars in the eponymous Hipparcos Catalogue, published in 1997
• Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), launched November 1995, completed – infrared space observatory mission for general astronomy
• Hubble Space Telescope (HST), launched April 1990, operational – joint NASA-ESA-STScl space observatory mission, carried out by a near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared telescope
• CoRoT, launched December 2006, completed – CNES-led space telescope mission to search for rocky exoplanets and perform asteroseismology studies
• Sunstorm, launched in 2021, completed – solar X-ray spectrometer cubesat^[120][121]
• James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), launched in December 2021, operational – joint NASA-ESA-CSA infrared space observatory mission for general astronomy and cosmology
• PROBA-3, launched December 2024, operational – microsatellite solar observation and formation flying demonstration mission, serving as the fourth flight in the Proba series
• CubeSpec, launching in 2026, future – asteroseismology cubesat
• Astrophysical Lunar Observatory, launch planned for around 2035, future (proposed) – radio telescopes on the far side of the Moon, delivered by Argonaut.^{[122][123][124][125]}
• LOFT, future (proposed) – X-ray space observatory mission focused on the study of high-mass objects such as black holes and neutron stars. Finalist for the M3 slot in the Cosmic Vision programme, but lost to PLATO
• STE-QUEST, future (proposed) – astrophysics demonstration mission focused on testing the equivalence principle
• THESEUS, future (proposed) – astrophysics mission to study gamma-ray bursts and X-rays for investigating the early universe; unsuccessful finalist for Cosmic Vision M5, candidate for M7.
• Darwin, cancelled – proposed exoplanetary science mission focused on directly detecting Earth-like exoplanets. Proposed as a cornerstone for the Horizon 2000+ programme, but abandoned in 2007
• EChO, cancelled – space observatory mission aimed at exoplanetary science, employing high resolution, multi-wavelength spectroscopic observations. Finalist for the M3 slot in the Cosmic Vision programme, but lost to PLATO. Succeeded by ARIEL as the M4 mission
• Eddington, cancelled – concept for an asteroseismology mission designed to detect exoplanets. Cancelled in 2003

• Meteosat (first generation), launched November 1977 to September 1997, completed – joint EUMETSAT-ESA meteorology mission consisting seven geostationary satellites launched over a period of twenty years. Meteosat-7 re-orbiting commenced on 3-April-2017
• GEOS-1 and GEOS-2, launched April 1977 and July 1978, completed – magnetospheric reconnaissance mission, consisting experimental payloads by various European national space administrations
• ERS-1 and ERS-2, launched July 1991 and April 1995, completed – ESA's first Earth observation missions
• PROBA-1, launched October 2001, operational – microsatellite earth observation and Low Earth Orbit technology demonstration mission for various new instruments, the first mission of the PROBA satellite series
• Envisat, launched March 2002, completed – Earth observation mission focused on environmental studies, using the largest civilian Earth observation satellite ever launched
• Double Star, launched December 2003 and July 2004, completed – joint CNSA-ESA Earth observation mission to study the planet's magnetosphere, complementing the Horizon 2000 Cluster mission
• Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), launched January 2004 to July 2015, operational – joint EUMETSAT-ESA meteorology mission to launch the second generation of Meteosat satellites, of which four were launched over a period of eleven years
• CryoSat-1, launched October 2005, failed – environmental science and glaciology mission, focused on studying Earth's polar ice caps. Failed on launch, and relaunched as CryoSat-2 in the Living Planet Programme
• MetOp (first generation), launched October 2006 to 2018, operational – joint EUMETSAT-ESA operational meteorology mission consisting three satellites launched over a period of twelve years
• PROBA-2, launched November 2009, operational – microsatellite earth observation and Low Earth Orbit technology demonstration mission, serving as the second flight in the Proba series
• PROBA-V, launched May 2013, operational – microsatellite earth observation mission focused on mapping land cover and vegetation growth across Earth in bi-daily cycles; the 3rd mission in the Proba series
• Sentinel, launched April 2014 onward, operational – suite of Earth observation missions serving as the ESA's contribution to the European Commission's Copernicus Programme
  • Sentinel-1, first launch in 2014, operational – all-weather, day and night radar imaging
  • Sentinel-2, first launch in 2015, operational – high-resolution optical imaging
  • Sentinel-3, first launch in 2016, operational – ocean and global land monitoring services
  • Sentinel-5 Precursor, launched in 2017, operational – monitoring air pollution
  • Sentinel-6, first launch in 2020, operational – sea level altimetry
  • Sentinel-4, first launch in 2025, operational – Europe's 1st hyperspectral sounding mission in GEO
  • Sentinel-5A, launched in 2025, operational – atmospheric composition monitoring
  • CO2M (Sentinel-7), first launch in 2027, future – anthropogenic CO₂ emissions monitoring
• TechDemoSat-1, launched in 2014, completed – joint UKSA-ESA GNSS reflectometry demonstration mission^[126]
• SIMBA, launched in 2020, completed – cubesat mission measuring total solar irradiance to determine Earth’s radiation budget.^[127][121]
• PICASSO, launched in 2020, completed – cubesat mission measuring the ozone distribution in the stratosphere, the temperature profile up to the mesosphere, and the electron density in the ionosphere.^[128][129]
• RadCube, launched in 2021, completed – cubesat mission monitoring space weather impacts to Earth's magnetosphere during a peak in solar activity cycle.^{[130][121][131]}
• Meteosat Third Generation (MTG), launched December 2022 onward, operational – joint EUMETSAT-ESA meteorology mission to launch the third generation of Meteosat satellites
• PRETTY, launched in October 2023, operational – cubesat using Galileo and GPS signals to measure sea ice^[132]
• PROBA-V CubeSat Companion, launched in October 2023, operational – cubesat using a spare Earth observation instrument from the PROBA-V mission
• MANTIS, launched in November 2023, completed – multispectral imaging cubesat
• Intuition-1, launched in November 2023, operational – Polish technology demonstration cubesat for Earth observation, supported by ESA
• Arctic Weather Satellite, launched in August 2024, operational – joint ESA-EUMETSAT small meteorological satellite providing detailed temperature and humidity profiles. A precursor to the proposed EPS-Sterna constellation^[133][134]
• AIX, first launch in January 2025, operational – series of technology demonstration satellites
• HiVE, first launch in January 2025, operational – thermal imaging constellation
• FOREST-3, launched in 2025, operational – thermal imaging satellite for wildfire detection
• IRIDE, first launch in 2025, operational – joint ESA-ASI Earth observation satellite constellation providing environmental, emergency, and security services for Italy^[135][136]
• DUTHSat-2, launched in June 2025, operational – joint ESA-Greek environmental monitoring 6U cubesat^[137][138]
• MetOp-SG, first launch in 2025, operational – joint EUMETSAT-ESA operational meteorology mission, launching the second generation of MetOp satellites, of which a constellation of six will be launched
• VIREON, first launch in 2026, operational – Earth observation constellation by AAC Clyde Space, focused on agriculture
• Atlantic Constellation, first launch in 2026, future – constellation of Earth observation satellites for Spain, Portugal, and UK^[139]
• ALTIUS, launching in 2026, future – monitoring the distribution and evolution of stratospheric ozone in the Earth's atmosphere
• VULCAIN, launching in 2027, future – thermal and visible light imaging of volcanoes by two identical cubesats
• CAMILA, launching 2027 onward, future – joint POLSA-ESA Earth observation satellite constellation^[140][141]
• Genesis, launching in 2028, future – geodetic satellite that will update the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) of Earth with an accuracy of 1 mm^[142][143]
• Arctic Ocean Surveillance, launching 2028 onward, future – maritime monitoring satellites for Norway
• EPS-Sterna, launching 2029 onward, future – joint ESA-EUMETSAT constellation of 18 micro-satellites, based on the Arctic Weather Satellite^[144]
• Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM), launch planned for 2032, future (proposed) – a pair of identical gravimetry satellites^{[145][146][147]}
• European Resilience from Space (ERS), future – intelligence and surveillance programme^[148][149]
• Aeolus-2, launching in mid-2030s, future – operational Aeolus follow-on mission^[150][151]
• TRUTHS, cancelled – satellite for continuous measurements of incoming and reflected radiation to evaluate Earth's energy-in to energy-out ratio, providing reference for climate measurements.^[152][153] Suspended at the end of 2025 after the UK Space Agency withdrew its funding for the project.^[154]

• OTS-1 and OTS-2, launched September 1977 and May 1978, completed – demonstration mission for a geostationary communications satellite system. OTS-1 was lost in a launch failure
• MARECS family, launched December 1981 to November 1984, completed – joint Inmarsat-ESA program which launched a satellite duo to create a global maritime communications network. MARECS B failed on launch
• ECS family, launched June 1983 to July 1988, completed – joint Eutelsat-ESA mission to launch the first generation of EUTELSAT telecommunication satellites
• Olympus, launched July 1989, completed – telecommunications mission pioneering high-power transmitters, multi-spot beam K_a band technology and on-board switching
• Artemis, launched in July 2001, completed – geostationary telecommunications satellite and technology demonstrator
• GIOVE-A, launched December 2005, completed – demonstration mission testing technologies for the Galileo satellite navigation system
• GIOVE-B, launched April 2008, completed – second demonstration mission testing technologies for the Galileo satellite navigation system. Retired in 2012
• Galileo, launched October 2011 onward, operational – joint ESA-EUSPA geodesy project to create an indigenous global navigation satellite system independent of the Russian GLONASS, Chinese BeiDou and American GPS systems
• Alphasat, launched July 2013, operational – joint Inmarsat-ESA mission to launch an advanced geostationary communication satellite to serve Africa, Asia and Europe; the largest ever built by Europe
• GOMX-3, launched in 2015, completed – ESA's first technology demonstration CubeSat
• European Data Relay System (EDRS), launched January 2016 to 2017, operational – geosynchronous optical communication network consisting a constellation of two satellites, EDRS-A and EDRS-C
• ESAIL, launched in 2020, completed – microsatellite for tracking ships worldwide^{[155][156][157]}
• JoeySat, launched in 2023, completed – joint ESA-Eutelsat OneWeb 5G connectivity technology demonstration satellite^[158]
• Spainsat NG, first launch in 2025, operational – Spanish satellites for government and military secure communications^[159]
• MICE-1, launched in 2025, operational – maritime tracking cubesat
• PHASMA (LAMARR and DIRAC), launched in 2025, operational – radio frequency spectrum monitoring cubesats
• Celeste (LEO-PNT), first launch in 2026, operational – a 10-satellite low earth orbit technology demonstration constellation for improving navigation services
• ERMIS, launched in 2026, operational – a 3-cubesat low earth orbit constellation for testing communication technologies
• OptiSat, launched in 2026, operational – laser communication cubesat
• PeakSat, launched in 2026, operational – laser communication cubesat
• Hellenic Space Dawn, launch planned for 2026, future – two cubesats demonstrating optical communication and on-board data processing
• Eagle-1, launch planned for 2026, future – joint ESA-EU quantum key distribution satellite^[160]
• HummingSat, first launch in 2027, future – new class of micro-geostationary satellites, one-tenth the volume of traditional GEO satellites. A joint project with the Swiss company SWISSto12^[161]
• INFLECION, fully operational by 2028, future – joint ESA-UKSA-AAC Clyde Space maritime domain awareness satellite constellation^[162]
• SAGA, future – joint ESA-EU quantum key distribution satellite demonstration mission focused on classified and critical data flows^{[163][164][165]}
• Q-Design, future – joint ESA-Hispasat project for quantum key distribution from GEO and LEO orbits^[166][167]
• QKDSat, future – joint ESA-Honeywell quantum key distribution satellite^[168][169]
• IRIS², launching 2027 onward, future – multi-orbit satellite internet constellation
• Electra, launch date unknown, future – joint ESA-SES telecommunications mission, utilizing a spacecraft with electrical-powered propulsion
• HydRON, launch date unknown, future – advanced laser-based satellite communication system^{[170][171][172][173]}

• CAT-1, launched in 1979, completed – vehicle evaluation satellite on Ariane 1
• EURECA, launched August 1992, completed – microgravity testbed mission carrying a suite of fifteen instruments from various European national space administrations
• YES, launched October 1997, completed – technology demonstration satellite built by young engineers and students
• SSETI Express, launched October 2005, completed – student demonstration mission, sponsored by the ESA Education Office, which launched three CubeSats to take pictures of the Earth and serve as a radio transponder
• YES2, launched September 2007, completed – student demonstration mission, sponsored by the ESA Education Office, which deployed a 31.7 km-long space tethered constellation of satellites. Partial launch failure
• GOMX-4B, launched in 2018, completed – cubesat demonstrating formation flying^[174][121]
• OPS-SAT, launched in 2019, completed – on-board computer technology demonstration cubesat
• YPSat-1, launched July 2024, completed – satellite designed and produced entirely by young professionals at ESA, launched aboard the inaugural flight of Ariane 6 to record the fairing separation and provide in-orbit imagery of the Earth^[175]
• GENA-OT, launched in 2025, operational – in-orbit demonstration (IOD) of an IOD platform
• ΣYNDEO‑3, launching in 2026, future – technology demonstration satellite funded by EU
• e.Inspector, launching in 2027, future – technology demonstration satellite for space debris inspection
• YPSat-2, launching in 2027, future – second project by ESA Young Professionals, an experiment flying aboard Space Rider to study how microgravity affects blood flow in space^[176][177]
• ASTRAL, launching in 2028, future – demonstration of in-space refueling^[178]
• SOLARIS, first launch planned for 2030s, future (proposed) – demonstration of space-based solar power^[179]

• List of NASA missions
• List of ISRO missions