List of Finnish locomotives
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of locomotives and multiple units that have been used in Finland. VR Group (Coporatised in 1995, previously Valtionrautatiet, Finnish state railways) had a monopoly on passenger traffic until 1.1.2021, but is currently the only passenger operator on the Finnish rail network. Some trainsets are however owned by other companies such as Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy. The Finnish railways are laid to the gauge of 5 ft (1,524 mm).
Classification system
At the beginning of traffic, locomotives were distinguished by their names, and by 1865 also by their numbers.[1] In 1887, the locomotives were given their original classification system. It was based on the wheel arrangement of the locomotives: each wheel arrangement was assigned a letter of the alphabet, which was followed by a serial number.[2] The assignment of letters to different wheel arrangements was made when the first locomotive using it was brought into service; the letter A signified a 4-4-0 wheelbase in the Whyte notation, B signified a 0-4-2ST locomotive, C a 0-6-0 locomotive, and so on.[3]
On 8 October 1942, the notation system was changed to two letters and a serial number. The first letter in the designation now signified the types of trains the locomotive was generally planned to haul:[4]
- H (henkilöjuna) for passenger trains,
- P (paikallisjuna) for local (commuter) trains,
- T (tavarajuna) for freight trains,
- S (sekajuna) for mixed freight-passenger trains and
- V (vaihto, literally "switch") for a switcher locomotive.
The second small letter indicated the weight of the locomotive:[4]
- r (raskas) = heavy (axle load over 14.1 t)
- v (väliraskas) = midweight (axle load 11.1–14.0 t)
- k (kevyt) = light (axle load under 11.0 t)
- m = mechanical transmission (in multiple units)
- s (sähkö 'electric(ity)') = electrical transmission (in multiple units).
When diesel locomotives were taken into service in the 1950s, they were additionally differentiated by the steam locomotive classes by beginning their numbering from 11 instead of the next free number in running order. As a result, the last steam-powered heavy passenger locomotive class was designated Hr3, and its first diesel-powered counterpart Hr11.[3]
The current VR locomotive classification system was taken into use on 1 January 1976. The first (capital) letter was now used to differentiate between locomotive types: S (sähkö) for electric, D for diesel and T (työkone) for maintenance equipment. The serial numbers of diesel locomotive classes were not changed, the Hr11 class becoming Dr11. In addition to this the borderline between midweight and heavy locomotives was changed to 15.1 tons and the second letter in multiple units is always m (for moottorivaunu).[3]
The multiple unit classification system follows a similar logic as the locomotive classification system: the first letter signifies the power source (in addition to electric and diesel, gasoline (B, bensiini) and wood gas (P, puukaasu) have been used), followed by the letter m (moottorivaunu) signifying a multiple unit, followed by a serial number.
Electric locomotives
| Image | Class | In service | Numbers | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | VR Class Sr1 | 1973–present | 3001–3112 | 112 |
 | VR Class Sr2 | 1995–present | 3201–3246 | 46 |
 | VR Class Sr3 | 2017–present | 3301–3380 | 80 |
Diesel locomotives
| Image | Class | In service | Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lightweight (axle load 8.1–11.1 t) | |||
 | VR Class Tve1 | 1958–1963 | 406–436 |
 | VR Class Tve5 | 1978–1979 | 601–610 |
| Midweight (axle load 11.1–14 t) | |||
 | VR Class Tve2 (OTSO2) | 1962–1964 | 441–448 |
 | VR Class Tve3 | 1950–1960 | 451–487, 491–495 |
| VR Class Sv1 | 1980-1984 | 3201 | |
| VR Class Sv11 | 1953–1964 | 1725 (later 1703) | |
| VR Class Vv12 | 1953–1965 | 1700–1702 | |
 | VR Class Dv11[note 1] | 1958–1992 | 1804–1819 |
 | VR Class Dv12[note 2] | 1963–present | 2501–2568 2601–2664 2701–2760 |
 | VR Class Dv15[note 3] | 1958–2004 | 1955–2012 |
 | VR Class Dv16[note 4] | 1962–2008 | 2013–2040 |
| Heavy (axle load 14 t and up) | |||
 | VR Class Tve4 | 1978–1983 | 501–540 |
 |
VR Class Hr11 | 1955–1972 | 1950–1954 |
 |
VR Class Dr12[note 5] | 1959-1990 | 2200–2241 |
 | VR Class Dr13[note 6] | 1962-2000 | 2301–2354 |
 |
VR Class Dr14 | 1969–present | 1851–1874 |
| VR Class Dr15 | 1980 | 2439[note 7] | |
 |
VR Class Dr16 | 1986-2026 | 2801–2823 |
 |
Fenniarail Class Dr18 | 2015–present | 101–106 |
 |
VR Class Dr19[5] | 2023–present | 2831-2890 |
 |
North Rail Class Dr20 | 2020–present | 29008-29016 |
| North Rail Class Dr21 | 2021–present | 1562, 1570, 1574 | |
- The Dv11 was known as the Vr11 until 1976.
- The Dv12 was known as the Sv12 until 1976, except for units of the 2700 series, which were called Sr12.
- The Dv15 was known as the Vv15 until 1976.
- The Dv16 was known as the Vv16 until 1976.
- The Dr12 was known as the Hr12 until 1976.
- The Dr13 was known as the Hr13 until 1976.
- Dr15 2439 was modified in 1980 from Dr12 2239.
Petrol-Paraffin locomotives
| Image | Class | Number | Type | Manufacturer | Wheel arrangement | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | VR Class Vk11 | 101, 102 | Petrol-paraffin locomotive | Ab Slipmaterial, Västervik, and Lokomo | B | 1930, 1936 | 101 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
Petrol-Paraffin locomotive references
Data from:
- Finnish Railway Museum official website[6]
Steam locomotives
| Image | Class | In service | Numbers | Type | Manufacturer | Wheel arrangement | Notes (including nickname) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A1 | 1860–1911 | 1–6 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Canada Works, Peto, Brassey and Betts | 4-4-0 | |
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A2 | 1866– | 7–8 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Canada Works | 4-4-0 | ||
.jpg) | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A3 | 1869– | 11–20, 44–47, 178–182, 222–227 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Dübs & Company | 4-4-0 | |
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A4 | 1872–1918 | 63–71 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 4-4-0 | Website about the Hanko–Hyvinkää 4-4-0 and Baldwin locomotives used in Finland |
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A5 | 1874– 1927 | 57–58 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Helsingfors / VRHki Valtionrautatiet, Helsingin konepaja | 4-4-0 | “Lankkihattu”; No 58 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
.jpg) | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A6 | 1874– | 59–61, 90–99 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | G. Sigl Locomotiv-Fabrik | 4-4-0 | |
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A7 | 1898– | 228–231 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works | 4-4-0 | ||
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class B1 | 1868–1928 | 9–10, 53–56, 150–151 | Shunter Steam Locomotive | Beyer, Peacock & Company | 0-4-2ST | “Ram”, No 9 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum. The oldest preserved locomotive in Finland. |
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class B2 | 1880– | 100 | Shunter Steam Locomotive | Beyer, Peacock & Company | 0-4-2ST | ||
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class C1 | 1869–1926 | 21–30 | Freight Steam Locomotive | Neilson & Company No 1427 | 0-6-0 | “Bristollari”, No 21 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum. The second oldest preserved locomotive in Finland. |
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class C2 | 1869– | 31–43, 48–52 | Freight Steam Locomotive | Avonside Engine Company, Bristol | 0-6-0 | “Bristollari” |
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class C3 | 1872–? | 74–75 | Freight Steam Locomotive | 0-6-0 | |||
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class C4 | 1875–? | 62, 78–89 | Freight Steam Locomotive | 0-6-0 | |||
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class C5 | 1881–1930 | 101–114 | Freight Steam locomotive | Hanomag, Hannover No 1477 | 0-6-0 | “Bliksti”, No 110 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class C6 | 100 | Freight Steam Locomotive | 0-6-0 | ||||
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class D1 | 72–73 | 2-4-0 | |||||
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class E1 | 1875–? | 76–77 | 0-4-0WT | ||||
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class R2 | 74–75 | 2-6-2WT | |||||
 | Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1 | 1885–1935 | 63–64, 115–116,132–133 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works Societe Suisse No 434 | 0-4-4RT | “Felix”, No 132 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F2 | 1899–? | 65 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-4-2RT | |||
| Finnish Steam Locomotive Class M1 | 1913–? | 66 | Tampella | 2-8-0T | |||
 | VR Class Hk1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H1 & H2) | 1898–1959 | 232–241,291–300,322–333 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | Baldwin Locomotive Works built 232–241, Richmond Locomotive Works built 291–300, 322–333 | 4-6-0 | “Big-Wheel Kaanari”, No 293 preserved at the Finland Station, St.Petersburg, Russia |
 | VR Class Hk2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H3) | 437–446,448–451 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | 4-6-0 | |||
| VR Class Hk3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Classes H3, H4 & H5) | 447,452–453,471–486 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | 4-6-0 | ||||
 | VR Class Hk5 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H6) | 1909–1959 | 439–515 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | 4-6-0 | No. 497 is preserved at Haapamäki | |
 | VR Class Hr1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class P1) | 1937–1974 | 1000–1021 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Lokomo Oy and Tampella Oy | 4-6-2 | “Ukko-Pekka”; Not in service 1972; Returned to Service due to oil crisis |
| VR Class Hr2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H11) | 1942–1953 | 1900–1906 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | NOHAB | 4-6-0 | “Hurricane”; | |
| VR Class Hr3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H11) | 1942–1953 | 1907–1919 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | NOHAB | 4-6-0 | “Hurricane”; | |
 | VR Class Hv1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H8) | 1915–1967 | 545–578,648–655 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Tampella, Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy; Lokomo Oy | 4-6-0 | "Heikki", Hv1 555 only was nicknamed "Princess"; No 555 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
 | VR Class Hv2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H9) | 1919–1968 | 579–593,671–684,777–780 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | L. Schwartzkopff and Lokomo | 4-6-0 | “Heikki”, No 680 is preserved at Haapamäki |
 | VR Class Hv3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H9) | 1921–1970 | 638–647,781–785,991–999 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Tampella, Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy; L. Schwartzkopff and Lokomo | 4-6-0 | “Heikki”, The following are preserved No 781 Kerava, No 995 Suolahti, No 998 Haapamäki Detailed drawings of a VR Class Hv3 |
 | VR Class Hv4 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class H7) | 1912–1964 | 516–529,742–751,757–760 | Passenger Steam Locomotive | Lokomo Oy and Tampella Oy | 4-6-0 | “Pikku-Heikki”, Nos 742 & 751 are preserved Haapamäki |
 | VR Class Pr1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class N1) | 1924–1972 | 761–776 | Local Passenger Steam Locomotive | Hanomag; Tampella Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy, Lokomo Oy | 2-8-2T | “Paikku”, No 776 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
.jpg) | VR Class Pr2 | 1942–1960 | 1800–1803 | Local Passenger Steam Locomotive | Henschel & Son | 4-6-4T | "Henschel" No 1800 preserved at Haapamäki |
 | VR Class Rro | 1914–? | 1–2 | Tampella Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy | 0-4-0T | No. 2 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum | |
 | VR Class Sk1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Classes G1, G2 & G4) | 1885– | 117–131,134–149,152–172,183–190 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works Societe Suisse No 405 | 2-6-0 | “Little Brown”; No 124 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
 | VR Class Sk2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Classes G1, G6 & G9) | 1896–1963 | 196–213,314–321,360–372 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | Tampella | 2-6-0 | No 315 is preserved at Tampere, Tampella |
 | VR Class Sk3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Classes G3, G5, G10 & G11) | 1892–1960 | 173–177,191–195,214–221,334–359,373–406,427–436 | Mixed Traffic Locomotive | Tampella Tammerfors Linne-&Jern-Manufakt.A.B. No 49 | 2-6-0, | “Grandmother”; No 400 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
| VR Class Sk4 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class G7) | 1898-1960 | 242–253,306–313 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-6-0 | "Little-Wheel Kaanari" | |
 | VR Class Sk5 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class G12) | 66–67 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | 2-6-0 | |||
.jpg) | VR Class Sk6 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class G8) | 1898-1950 | 254–270 | Mixed Traffic Steam Locomotive | Richmond Locomotive Works | 2-6-0 | “Riksmont” |
| VR Class Tk1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class K1) | 1899-1959 | 271–290 | Freight Steam Locomotive | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-8-0 | “Amerikan Satikka” | |
 | VR Class Tk2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class K2) | 1903–1960 | 407–426, 457–470 | 2-8-0 | “Satikka”, The following are preserved 407 Närpes, 418 Junction City, Oregon, USA, 419 Haapamäki | ||
.jpg) | VR Class Tk3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class K5) | 1927–1975 | 800–899,1100–1118,1129–1170 | Freight Steam Locomotive | Tampella, Lokomo and Frichs | 2-8-0 | “The Little Jumbo” |
 | VR Class Tr1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class R1) | 1940–1975 | 1030–1096 | Freight Steam Locomotive | Tampella, Tampere / Lokomo, Tampere / Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik GmbH, Jungenthal | 2-8-2 | “Risto”, 1033 and 1096 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
 | VR Class Tr2 | 1946–1968 | 1300–1319 | ALCO (10), Baldwin Locomotive Works (10) | 2-10-0 | Nicknamed “Truman”. Similar to Russian locomotive class Ye. No 1319 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum | |
 | VR Class Tv1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class K3) | 1917–1974 | 594–617,685–741,900–948,1200–1211 | Tampella, | 2-8-0 | “Jumbo”, The following are preserved no. 609 Haapamäki, no. 933 veturimuseo at Toijala, no 940 Lapinlahti, and no 943 Ylivieska | |
 | VR Class Tv2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class K4) | 618–637 | ALCO | 2-8-0 | “Wilson” | ||
 | VR Class Vk1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class I1) | 1900–1952 | 301–305 | Local Passenger Steam Locomotive | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 2-6-4T | “Amerikan”, “Iita” |
| VR Class Vk2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class I2) | 454–455 | Local Passenger Steam Locomotive | 2-6-4T | “Iita” | |||
 | VR Class Vk3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class I3) | 1906–1964 | 456, 487–492 | Local Passenger Steam Locomotive | Tampella, Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy | 2-6-4T | “Iita”, No 489 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
 | VR Class Vk4 | 1910–1962 | 68 | Light Replacement Steam Locomotive | Borsig Lokomotiv Werke (AEG) | 0-4-0T | "Leena", Oldest working broad gauge locomotive in Finland. No 68 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
 | VR Class Vk5 | 72–75 | 2-8-2T | ||||
| VR Class Vk6 | 70–71 | 0-4-4RT | |||||
 | VR Class Vr1 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class L1) | 1913–1974 | 530–544,656–670,787–799 | Shunter Steam Locomotive | Hanomag, No 10264 | 0-6-0T | “Hen”, No 669 preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum |
.jpg) | VR Class Vr2 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class D1) | 1930–1975 | 950–965 | Steam Locomotive | Tampella | 0-6-2T | "Duck", The following are preserved in Finland No 950 Joensuu, 951 Tuuri, 953 Haapamäki, 961 Jyväskylä, 964 Veturimuseo at Toijala |
 | VR Class Vr3 (Finnish Steam Locomotive Class O1) | 1924–1975 | 752–756 | Steam Locomotive | Tampella, Hanomag | 0-10-0T | "Rooster" / 'Cockerel", No 755 stored at the Finnish Railway Museum |
| VR Class Vr4 | 1400–1423 | Vulcan Iron Works | 0-6-0T | ||||
 | VR Class Vr5 | 1948–1971 | 1400–1423 | Vulcan Iron Works | 0-6-2T | "Turkey", No 1422 is preserved at Haapamäki. | |
Steam locomotive references
Data from:
Electric multiple units
| Image | Class | In service | Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
 | VR Class Sm1 | 1969–2016 | 6001+6201 – 6050+6250 |
 | VR Class Sm2 | 1975–present | 6051+6251 – 6100+6300 |
 | VR Class Sm3 | 1995–present | 7x01–7x18 |
 | VR Class Sm4 | 1999–present | 6301+6401 – 6330+6430 |
 | JKOY Class Sm5 | 2009–present | 01–81 |
 |
VR Class Sm6 |
|
7x51–7x54 |
 | VR Class Sm7 | 2026–present (planned) |
Diesel multiple units
| Image | Class | In service | Numbers |
|---|---|---|---|
 | VR Class Ds1 | 1928–1955 | 1, 4 and 5 |
| VR Class Dm1 & Dm2 | 1935–1961 | 13–19 | |
 | VR Class Dm3 & Dm4 | 1952–1971 | 1500–1509 (Dm3) 1600–1623 (Dm4)[note 1] |
,_Naantalin_rata,_Naantali,_1.8.2010_(4).JPG) | VR Class Dm6 & Dm7 | 1954–1988 | 4000–4014 (Dm6) 4020–4216 (Dm7) |
 | VR Class Dm8 | 1964–1986 | 5001–5012 |
 | VR Class Dm9 | 1965–1990 | 5101–5124 |
 | VR Class Dm10 | 1994–1997 | 4301 |
| VR Class Dm11 | 1997 | 4401–4406[note 2] | |
 | VR Class Dm12 | 2005–present | 4401–4416 |
See also
Literature
- Alameri, Mikko (1979). Suomen rautatiet (in Finnish and German). Verlag Josef Otto Slezak. ISBN 3-900134-52-9.
- Eonsuu, Tapio; Honkanen, Pekka; Kilpinen, Tapani; Pölhö, Eljas (1975). Suomen veturit 1 osa. Valtionrautateiden höyryveturit. Frank Stenvalls Förlag. ISBN 91-7266-021-X.
- Eonsuu, Tapio; Honkanen, Pekka; Pölhö, Eljas (1995). Suomen veturit osa 2. Moottorikalusto. Elokuvan Maailma. ISBN 952-5060-02-0.
- Pölhö, Eljas; Honkanen, Pekka (2017). Höyryveturit valtionrautateillä - The Steam Locomotives of the Finnish State Railways. Finnish Railway History Society. ISBN 9789529390663.