Evolution of the Portuguese Empire

Middle East

• Aden: Attempted conquest by Albuquerque (1513) and Albergaria (1516). Occupied for a few months in 1547–1548 before being recaptured by Piri Reis^[11]
• Bahrain: possession (1521–1602). Driven out by a native revolt and occupied by Persian troops.
• Bandar-e-Kong/Bandar Congo: free factory and port, by treaty with Persia (1629-1725)^[12]
• Basra (1550–1668): Portuguese vassal (1550–1595). Occupation (1595–1624). Integral part of the Portuguese Empire (1624–1668). Lost to the Ottomans.
• Bushehr (1506–1622): Lost to the Safavids.
• Comorão/Bandar Abbas: possession (1506–1615). Conquered by Persian forces.
• Chabahar (1508–1621): Lost to the British.^{[citation needed]}
• Failaka Island/Ilha de Aguada: Possible portuguese settlements^[13][14]
• Isfahan (1602–1748): Augustinian convent founded in 1602; acted as an informal embassy^[12]
• Portuguese Oman (1507–1656): String of forts, port cities, and trading posts along the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.
  • Borca/Barka: Trading post.
  • Calaiate/Calha/Qalhat: Quickly abandoned in favor of Muscat.
  • Cassapo/Khasab: Coastal fort.
  • Corfacão/Khor Fakkan (1513–1666): Major economic center.
  • Curiate/Qurayyat: Coastal fort.
  • Doba/Dibba (1623–1650): Taken on behalf of Hormuz. Lost to the Omanis.
  • Ghallah/Quelba/Kalba: Coastal fort.
  • Julfar: Trading post.
  • Libidia/Al Badiyah: Coastal fort. Abandoned in 1600.
  • Lima/Limah: Possession.
  • Madá/Madha: Fortified post.
  • Matara/Muttrah: Coastal fort.
  • Muscat (1507–1650): Driven out by native inhabitants.
  • Mocombira/Mocombi: Possession.
  • Sibo/Seeb: Coastal fort.
  • Soar/Sohar: Coastal fort.
• Qatar: possession (1517–1538). Lost to the Ottomans.
• Queixome/Qeshm Island (1515–1622).
• Hormuz/Ormus: possession subordinate to Goa (1515–1622). Captured by a joint force between the Safavid Empire and the English East India Company.
• Socotra: possession (1506–1511). Became part of Mahri Sultanate of Qishn and Suqutra

Indian Subcontinent

• Ceylon: colony (1597–1658). Dutch took control in 1656, Jaffna taken in 1658.
• Maldives: possession (1518–1521, 1558–1573)

• Índia Portuguesa/Portuguese India: overseas province (1946–1962). Taken over by India in 1962 and recognised by Portugal in 1974.

East Asia

• Chinese concessions: Territories gained through the Unequal Treaties of the 19th and 20th century.
  • Beihai: (1876–1949). Privileges discontinued by the Chinese Communist Party.
  • Shanghai International Settlement: (1863–1945). Administered jointly with other trading powers in China. Settlement abolished in 1945.
  • Macau/Macao: Unofficial Settlement (1553–1557). Leased territory subordinated to Goa (1557–1844). Overseas province (1844–1883). Combined overseas province with Portuguese Timor under Goa (1883–1951). Overseas province (1951–1976). Autonomous region (1976–1999). Returned to full sovereignty of the People's Republic of China as a special administrative region in 1999.
    • Coloane: Occupied in 1864.
    • Taipa: Occupied in 1851.
    • Ilha Verde: Incorporated in 1890.
    • Ilhas de Lapa, Dom João, e Montanha: Lapa occupied in 1654. Dom João occupied in 1849. Ilha de Montanha occupied in 1938. Lost to Japan in 1941.
• Japanese Voyages (1550–1639): Portuguese arrive and begin to settle in 1543. Officially established by the government in Goa in 1550. Ended in 1639 by decree of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
  • Deshima (1570–1639): Constructed by the Portuguese. Forced out by the Shōgun and granted to the Dutch in 1641.
  • Fukuda (1565–1571): Portuguese invited into the port in 1565. Abandoned in 1571 due to bad weather conditions.
  • Funai/Ōita (1543-1600?): Port of call.
  • Hirado (1543–1571): Abandoned in favor of Nagasaki.
  • Kagoshima (1543–1639): center of Jesuit activity. Anti-Christian bans forced out the Jesuits in 1639.
  • Nagasáqui/Nagasaki (1543–1639): Unofficial settlement (1543–1570). Leased territory (1570–1580). Administrative control (1580–1587). Trading post and settlement (1587–1639). Portuguese forced out as a part of the Shōgun's policy of Sakoku.
  • Vocoxiura/Yokoseura (1562–1571): Initial base for Jesuit activities in Japan. Abandoned in favor of Nagasaki.
• Liampó/Ningbo (1522–1548): Heavy Portuguese presence in the city itself and settlement in nearby Shuangyu. Settlement destroyed by Ming authorities in 1548 as a part of an anti-piracy campaign.^[16][17]
• São João Island/Shangchuan Island: possession (15??–1557). Abandoned in favor of Macao.
• Tamão: (1513–1521) Trade settlement. Driven out by the Ming Navy.
• Yuegang: (1533–???) Popular trading and smuggling port for Portuguese merchants. Unknown when Portuguese merchants ceased trading. Port closed in 1727.

Southeast Asia

• Ayutthaya: portuguese settlement (1516-1767)^[18]
• Bassein/Pathein/Cosmim (1516): Expelled by the Burmese^{[19][citation needed]}
• Cambodia (1593-1597): Joint Spanish-Portuguese invasion against the Siamese occupation of cambodia; ultimately failed.^{[citation needed]}
• Portuguese East Indies (1511–1975/2002). Colonial dependency of Goa (1522–1844); Subordinated to Macao (1844–1850); Independent colony (1850–1851); Subordinated to Macao (1851–1856); Subordinated to Goa (1856–1863); Overseas province (1863–1866); Subordinate to Macao (1866–1896); Independent colony (1896–1950); Overseas province (1950–1975); Unilateral Independence and Indonesian Occupation (1975–1999); UN Administration (1999–2002).
• Calapa (1522–1619): Port granted to the Portuguese by the Hindu Sunda Kingdom in return for military support against their Muslim neighbors. Lost to the Dutch.^{[citation needed]}
• Malacca: colony (1511–1641).
• Muar Fortress (1604–1641).
• Forts in Maluku Islands:
  • Fort in Galala (Ambon).
  • Fort in Batu Merah (Ambon).
  • Fort Victoria (Ambon): fort - 1576–1605.
  • Fort in Ullath (Saparua): ? - 1565.
  • Fort Kastela (Ternate): fort and village - 1522-1575.
  • Reis Magos Fort (Tidore): fort - 1578–1605.^[20]
  • Fort in Jailolo (Halmahera): ? - 1570.
  • Fort in Mamuya (Halmahera): ? - 1570.
  • Fort in Tafasoho (Makian): 1602-1603.^[21]
• Makassar (1544–1665); portuguese settlement and important commercial center; lost to the Dutch.^[22][23]
• Pacem (1521–1524): Occupied, then quickly abandoned.
• Timor: claimed and partially possessed from 1520 to 1640.
• Cupão/Kupang: Trading post. Taken by the Dutch in 1613
• Flores Island: possession (16th–19th century). Sold the island to the Dutch East Indies
• Solor: possession (1520–1636).
• Fort Solor/Forte de Nossa Senhora da Piedade de Solor (1566-1613)
• Portuguese Timor: colony subordinate to Portuguese India (1642–1844); subordinate to Macau (1844–1896); separate colony (1896–1951); overseas territory (1951–1975); republic and unilateral independence proclaimed, annexed by Indonesia (1975–1999, UN recognition as Portuguese territory). UN administration from 1999 until independence in 2002.^[24]
• Ilha de Ataúro (1859–1975): Granted to the Portuguese by the Dutch in 1859.
• Martaban: Factory (1521–?)^[25]
• Pattani: factory (1516-1640)^[26][27]
• Syriam/Thanlyin: possession (1599–1613). Ruled by Filipe de Brito e Nicote.