List of Seljuk sultans of Rum

The following is a list of the Seljuk Sultans of Rum, from 1077 to 1307.^[1] The sultans of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm were descended from Arslan Isra'il, son of the warlord Seljuk. The Seljuk Empire was founded by Chaghri and Tughril, sons of Arslan's brother Mikail ibn Seljuk.

More information Sr.No, Name ...

List of Seljuk sultans of Rum (1077–1318)
Sr.No	Name	Picture	Lifespan	Reign	Notes
1.	Suleiman I		1041–1086 (age 45)	1077–1086	Son of Qutalmish, a descendant of Seljuk. Founded the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in 1077, with its capital at Nicaea. Killed at the Battle of Ain Salm in 1086.
_	Abu'l-Qasim (Regent)		?	1086–1092	Appointed Seljuk governor of Nicaea by Suleiman in 1084. Became the de facto ruler of Rum after Suleiman's death in 1086. Assassinated by Emir Bozan in 1092 on way to Isfahan. Not a member of the Seljuk dynasty.
_	Abu'l Hasan Gazi (Regent)		?	1092–1092	Briefly held Rum before the arrival of Kilij Arslan I. Brother of Abu'l-Qasim. Not a member of the Seljuk dynasty. Deposed by Kilij Arslan I.
2.	Kilij Arslan I		1079–1107 (age 27–28)	1092–1107	Son of Suleiman ibn Qutalmish. Deposed Abu'l Hasan Gazi. Shifted the capital to Konya due to the First Crusade. Repelled the Crusade of 1101. Died at the Battle of Khabur River in 1107.
Interregnum (1107-1110)
3.	Malik Shah		1096–1116 (age 19–20)	1110–1116	Son of Kilij Arslan I. Held prisoner in Isfahan until 1110. Was in constant conflict with his brothers (Rukn-al-Din Mesud, Melik Arapsah and Tugrul Arslan). Made Rum a Byzantine vassal after the Battle of Philomelion (1116). Deposed by Rukn-al-Din Mesud.
4.	Mesud I		1095–1156 (age 60–61)	1116–1156	Son of Kilij Arslan I. Made Rum a Danishmendid vassal after deposing Malik Shah. Became independent after the death of Melik Mehmed Gazi. Suppressed the rebellions of Melik Arapsah and Tugrul Arslan. Defended against the Second Crusade. Died after his campaign in Cilicia.
5.	Kilij Arslan II		1113–August 1192 (age 78–79)	1156–1192	Son of Mesud I. Completely dissolved the Danishmendids. Dealt a decisive blow to Manuel I Komnenos at the Battle of Myriokephalon. Captured and ransomed Henry I. Attempted to convert to Christianity. Was defeated in the Battle of Philomelion (1190). Was defeated in the Battle of Iconium (1190) and briefly lost Konya. Engaged in a succession conflict with his son Qutub-al-Din. Died during the Siege of Aksaray in August 1192.
The Period of Internal Conflict (1192-1204) By his legal will, Sultan Kilij Arslan II divided the Sultanate of Rum, among his 11 sons, who ruled as subordinates in their attested regions. However, after his death in August 1192, the princes began to act independently in their regions, even minting coins in their name. This caused led to many internal conflicts. Hence, to avoid confusion, this list will only show the Sultans and Co-Sultans who held official power from the capital, Konya (here Kaykhusraw I and Suleiman II). Only those pretenders who tried to claim the official title in Konya (here Qutub-al-Din Malikshah) will be a part of the main list under the pretext claimant. Regional pretenders will be a part of another list.
_	Qutub-al-Din Malikshah (claimant)		?-1197	1192-1192	Son of Kilij Arslan II. Instigated a failed rebellion against his father in 1189 in Konya. Seized de facto power in 1190, when his father abandoned Konya. Declared himself Sultan in 1192 and marched on Kayseri. Defeated in Konya in 1192 by Kilij Arslan II and deposed. Died in 1197.
6.	Kaykhusraw I (1st reign)		1169–1211 (age 41–42)	1192–1196	Son of Kilij Arslan II. Overthrown by his brother Suleiman II. Went into exile from 1196 to 1205. Possibly baptized in Constantinopole.
7.	Suleiman II		1158–1204 (age 45–46)	1196–1204	Son of Kilij Arslan II. Overthrew Kaykhusraw I and sent him to exile. Conquered Erzurum and gave it to Tughril ibn Kılıç Arslan II. Defeated by the Georgians at the Battle of Basiani. Died in 1204.
8.	Kilij Arslan III		1184–1205 (age 20–21)	1204–1205	Son of Suleiman II. Reigned for a short term. Overthrown by his uncle Kaykhusraw I in 1205. Died in 1205.
(6).	Kaykhusraw I (2nd reign)		1169–1211 (age 41–42)	1205–1211	Ascended the throne for the second time after deposing Kilij Arslan III. Seized Antalya in 1207 from the Empire of Nicaea. Fought wars against Trebizond and Cilicia. Killed in the Battle of Alaşehir in 1211.
Kaykaus I		1187–1220 (age 32–33)	1211–1220	Son of Kaykhusraw I.
Kayqubad I		1192–1237 (age 44–45)	1220–1237	Son of Kaykhusraw I.
Kaykhusraw II		1215–1246 (age 30–31)	1237–1246	Son of Kayqubad I.
Kaykaus II		1234–1279 (age 44–45)	1246–1262	Son of Kaykhusraw II. Co-ruled with Kilij Arslan IV from 1249 to 1254 and 1257 to 1262. Co-ruled with Kayqubad II from 1249 to 1254. Fled in 1262 after civil war with Kilij Arslan IV.
Kayqubad II		1238 or 1239–1256 (age 16–18)	1249–1254	Son of Kaykhusraw II. Co-ruled with Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV.
Kilij Arslan IV		1237 or 1240–1265 (aged 25 or 28)	1249–1254	Son of Kaykhusraw II. Co-ruled with Kaykaus II and Kayqubad II.
Kilij Arslan IV (restored)		1237 or 1240–1265 (aged 25 or 28)	1257–1266	Second reign. Co-ruled with Kaykaus II from 1257 to 1262.
Kaykhusraw III		Between 1259 and 1263–1284 (aged 20–25)	1266–1284	Son of Kilij Arslan IV.
Mesud II		1262–1307 (aged 44–45)	1284–1297	Son of Kaykaus II. Deposed in 1297.
Kayqubad III		?–1302	1297–1302	Nephew of Mesud II and grandson of Kaykaus II.
Mesud II (restored)		1262–1307 (aged 44–45)	1303–1307	Second reign.
Mesud III		?–1308	1307–1308	Son of Kayqubad III.
Kilij Arslan V		?	1310–1318	Claimant to the throne.

Close

The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum dissolved into many Anatolian Beyliks, one of them being the future Ottoman Empire in 1307.

[1]

List of Seljuk sultans of Rum

See also

References

Source

Related Articles