List of Southern Unionists

In the United States, Southern Unionists were white Southerners living in the Confederate States of America and the Southern Border States opposed to secession. Many fought for the Union during the Civil War. These people are also referred to as Southern Loyalists, Union Loyalists,^[1]^{[note 1]} or Lincoln's Loyalists.^[2] Pro-Confederates in the South derided them as "Tories" (in reference to the pro-Crown Loyalists of the American Revolution). During Reconstruction, these terms were replaced by "scalawag" (or "scallywag"), which covered all Southern whites who supported the Republican Party.

Montgomery C. Meigs (Georgia) was Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army during and after the war, and his ability to keep the Army supplied proved instrumental in ensuring victory.

Alabama

Arkansas

Florida

Georgia

Kentucky

^{[note 2]}

Louisiana

Mississippi

North Carolina

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

West Virginia

References

Notes

[1]
"Hart was one of the first native white Union Loyalists to speak out in favor of black suffrage and equal rights."^[1]
[2]
Kentucky's legislature voted not to secede and declared neutrality, but after Confederate troops moved in, the state legislature asked for Union troops to drive them out. Delegates from 68 of the 110 Kentucky counties went to the Russellville Convention that signed an Ordinance of Secession. Kentucky was admitted into the Confederacy on December 10, 1861, with Bowling Green as its first capital. Early in the war, the Confederacy controlled more than half of Kentucky but largely lost control in 1862. The splinter Confederate government of Kentucky left the state and never controlled the state population after 1862. By the end of the war, 90,000 Kentuckians had fought for the Union, compared to 35,000 for the Confederacy.^[7]
[3]
"Unconditional Unionists, such as Arthur I. Boreman, Archibald W. Campbell, Waitman T. Willey, and Chester D. Hubbard, were ready to accept emancipation of slaves, imposed by Congress, and wartime proscriptions, including suspension of habeas corpus, of the Lincoln administration in return for statehood. Conservative Unionists, including John S. Carlile, Sherrard Clemens, John J. Jackson, and John J. Davis, would jeopardize statehood rather than bow to a government that they perceived as dictatorial and abolitionist."^[36]

Citations

[1]
Philip B. Lyons, Statesmanship and Reconstruction: Moderate Versus Radical Republicans on Restoring the Union After the Civil War (Lexington Books, 2014), p. 262
[2]
Richard Nelson Current, Lincoln's Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy (Northeastern University Press: 1992).
[3]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1998
[4]
Rogan Kersh. Dreams of a More Perfect Union, p. 194
[5]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 74.
[6]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 644.
[7]
James W. Loewen (July 1, 2015). "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong". The Washington Post.
[8]
Gary Matthews, More American Than Southern Kentucky, Slavery, and the War for an American Ideology, 1828-1861 (University of Tennessee, 2014), p. 1: "Anderson ... was a staunch unionist."
[9]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 270.
[10]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 279.
[11]
Lowell H. Harrison & James C. Klotter, A New History of Kentucky (University Press of Kentucky: 1997), p. 257.
[12]
Daniel W. Crofts, ‘Joseph Holt: Union Man’ (May 30, 2011). New York Times.
[13]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1990.
[14]
Kirk C. Jenkins, The Battle Rages Higher: The Union's Fifteenth Kentucky Infantry. University Press of Kentucky, 2003: p. 8.
[15]
Currie, David P. (2007). The Constitution in Congress: Descent into the Maelstrom, 1829-1861. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-226-13116-0. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
[16]
Scarborough, William Kauffman (2006). Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-nineteenth-century South. Louisiana State University Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-8071-2882-1. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
[17]
William W. Freehling, The South Vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 145.
[18]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1998.
[19]
Biography of John Pool (1826-1884). digital.lib.ecu. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
[20]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 819.
[21]
Susan Wyley-Jones. ‘Petigru, James Louis.’ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 1504-05.
[22]
Edward R. Crowther. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 298-9.
[23]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 417.
[24]
Lonnie Maness, Henry Emerson Etheridge, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 22 April 2014.
[25]
Spencer C. Tucker, The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia (Vol. 1: ABC-CLIO, 2011), pp. 183-84.
[26]
Derek W. Frisby. ‘Forrest, Nathan Bedford.’ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 721.
[27]
Paul Bergeron, Andrew Johnson, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 3 May 2013.
[28]
Thomas Alexander, ‘Strange Bedfellows: The Interlocking Careers of T.A.R. Nelson, Andrew Johnson, and W.G. (Parson) Brownlow,’ East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, No. 24 (1952), pp. 68-91.
[29]
James Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 115-16.
[30]
James Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 69-70.
[31]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 300.
[32]
Dale Baum. The Shattering of Texas Unionism: Politics in the Lone Star State During the Civil War Era (1998). LSU Press: p. 87.
[33]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1936.
[34]
James Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 70, 132.
[35]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 254.
[36]
Otis K. Rice & Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History (University Press of Kentucky: 2d ed. 1993), p. 154
[37]
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1522.

Notes

Citations

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