List of Vietnamese Nobel laureates and nominees
Vietnamese Nobel laureates and nominees
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which began in 1969, is a set of award based on Alfred Nobel's will given to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind." Since 1901, the prestigious Swedish Prize have been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 27 organizations including a Vietnamese diplomat.
The first and only Vietnamese Nobel laureate was Lê Đức Thọ when he was awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Henry Kissinger.[1] But, Tho rejected the awarded claiming "peace has not yet really been established in South Vietnam."[2][3]
Laureates
Recognized laureates
| Year | Image | Laureate | Born | Died | Field | Citation | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citizens | |||||||
| 1973 | .jpg) |
Lê Đức Thọ[a] | 14 October 1911 Nam Trực, Nam Định, French Indochina |
13 October 1990 Hanoi, Vietnam |
Peace | "for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973."[5] (awarded together with American diplomat Henry Kissinger) |
|
Members of laureate organizations
The following Vietnam-based organizations are members of a larger organization that are Nobel laureates.
| Year | Image | Individual/ organization | Born | Laureate organization | Citation | Nominator(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peace | |||||||
| 1963 |  |
Vietnam Red Cross Society | founded on 23 November 1946 in Ứng Hòa, Hanoi, North Vietnam (now Hanoi, Vietnam) | League of Red Cross Societies (with International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)) |
"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the U.N."[6] |
| |
Nominations
Nominees
Since 1967, Vietnamese citizens started receiving nominations for the prestigious Swedish Prize in any category. The following list are the nominees with verified nominations from the Nobel Committee and recognized international organizations. There are also other purported nominees whose nominations are yet to be verified since the archives are revealed 50 years after,[7] among them:
- For Physics: Đàm Thanh Sơn, Minh Quang Tran and Trần Thanh Vân.
- For Literature: Nguyễn Chí Thiện,[8] Nguyễn Quang Hồng,[9] Xuân Diệu, Bảo Ninh and Kim Thúy.
- For Peace: Cardinal Nguyễn Văn Thuận, 2013 convicted Vietnamese dissidents, Amanda Nguyen, Lê Công Định and Phạm Đoan Trang.[10]
| Image | Nominee | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Citation | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physiology or Medicine | ||||||
.jpg) |
Alexandre Yersin[c] | 22 September 1863 in Aubonne, Vaud, Switzerland | 1 March 1943 in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, French Indochina | 1904 | "for his discovery of the plague bacillus."[11] | Jaques-Louis Reverdin (1842–1929)  Switzerland |
| Literature | ||||||
 |
Hồ Hữu Tường | c. 1910 in Thường Thạnh, Cái Răng, Cần Thơ, French Indochina | 26 June 1980 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1969 | [12] | Đông Hồ (1906–1969)  South Vietnam |
.jpg) |
Vũ Hoàng Chương | 5 May 1915 in Phù Ủng, Ân Thi, Hưng Yên, French Indochina | 6 September 1976 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1972 | [13] | Thanh Lãng (1924–1978) South Vietnam |
| Peace | ||||||
.jpg) |
Thích Nhất Hạnh | 11 October 1926 Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, French Indochina |
22 January 2022 Huế, Vietnam |
1967 | "for his lifelong efforts to promote peace, social justice and reconciliation in between North and South Vietnam."[14] | George McTurnan Kahin (1918–2000)  United States |
 Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968) United States | ||||||
| Walter Nash (1882–1968)  New Zealand | ||||||
| Jim Cairns (1914–2003)  Australia | ||||||
| John G. Dow (1905–2003) United States | ||||||
| Lawrence Fuchs (1927–2013) United States | ||||||
| Horace L. Friess (1900–1975) United States | ||||||
|
Lê Đức Thọ | 14 October 1911 in Nam Trực, Nam Định, French Indochina | 13 October 1990 in Hanoi, Vietnam | 1972 | [15] | John Sanness (1913–1984)  Norway |
.jpg) |
Trần Minh Tiết | 28 December 1922 in Cam Lộ, Quảng Trị, French Indochina | 18 April 1986 in Monterey Park, California, United States | 1972 | [15] | Vietnamese professors and members of the South Vietnamese government |
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Thích Quảng Độ | 27 November 1928 in Thành Châu, Thái Bình, French Indochina | 22 February 2020 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1978 | "[with Quang] for their non-violent struggle for human rights and opposition against the Communist regime in Vietnam."[16] |
|
| 2013 | "[with Lý] for their selfless devotion in the pursuit of peaceful political reform and respect for fundamental freedoms in Vietnam."[17] |
| ||||
|
Thích Huyền Quang | 19 September 1919 An Nhơn, Bình Định, French Indochina |
5 July 2008 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
1978 | "[with Độ] for their non-violent struggle for human rights and opposition against the Communist regime in Vietnam."[16][18] |
|
| 2008 | "for his non-violent combat for freedom and justice amidst intimidation and imprisonment for three decades, inspiring Vietnamese of all generations and helping them to overcome fear."[19] | 60 members of the European Parliament | ||||
| 67 members of the Italian Parliament | ||||||
| members of the United States Congress | ||||||
 |
12 Vietnamese women (part of the 1000 PeaceWomen)[d] | began in 2003 in Bern, Switzerland | 2005 | "in recognition of women's efforts and visibility in promoting peace all over the world."[20] | Ruth-Gaby Vermont-Mangold (b. 1941) Switzerland | |
|
Nguyễn Văn Lý | 15 May 1946 Vĩnh Chấp, Vĩnh Linh, Quảng Trị, State of Vietnam |
N/a | 2013 | "[with Độ] for their selfless devotion in the pursuit of peaceful political reform and respect for fundamental freedoms in Vietnam."[17][18][21] |
|
Notes
- Lê Đức Thọ declined the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize, claiming that peace had not yet been established, and that the United States and the South Vietnamese governments were in violation of the Paris Peace Accords. He became the first Asian laureate and first to decline the Peace Prize.[4]
- The other nominators of the Red Cross Societies include: 36 members of the Norwegian Parliament, 4 professors at the University of Oslo, 92 members of the Swedish Parliament, members of the Danish Parliament, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Einar Gerhardsen (1897–1987), Sjur Lindebrække (1909–1998), Sverre Steen (1898–1983), Johannes Andenæs (1912–2003), Rickard Sandler (1884–1964), and Sir Anthony Eden (1897–1977).
- Alexandre Yersin, a Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist, has been living since 1890 in French Indochina and took up residence in Nha Trang, Vietnam.
- The 12 Vietnamese women who formed part in the 1000 PeaceWomen were Bùi Tiến Dũng (b. 1959), Đào Thị Bích Vân (?), Dương Thu Hương (b. 1947), Hà Thị Khiết (b. 1950), Lê Thị Quý (b. 1950), Nguyễn Thanh Hiện (b. 1940), Nguyễn Thị Bình (b. 1929), Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu (b. 1943), Nguyễn Thị Hòe (b. 1946), Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Phượng (b. 1944), Trần Thị Lành (?) and Trần Bạch Thu Hà (b. 1949).