List of Y-dwarfs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of astronomical objects with the spectral type Y. They are a mix of brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. They are the coldest such objects in interstellar space and have a temperature around below 500 Kelvin (227°C; 440°F). Only a few are known due to their faint nature. The list is sorted after distance.
| Name | spectral type[1] | Teff[1]
(Kelvin) |
Mass estimate
(MJ) |
distance[1] | Year of discovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jupiter | Y-class analog[2] | 125 | 1 | solar system | known since ancient times |
| WISE J0855−0714 | Y4 (extrapolated) | 250 ± 50 | 3−10[3] | 7.43 ± 0.04 | 2014[4] |
| Epsilon Indi Ab[5] | Y3[a] (estimated) | 275 | 6.31+0.60 −0.56 |
11.867±0.004 | 2018 (discovered) 2024 (imaging) |
| WISE J1639−6847 | Y0pec | 412 ± 88 | 5−14[6] or 9−17[7] | 15.45 ± 0.04[8] | 2012[9] |
| WISE J0350−5658 | Y1 | 388 ± 88 | 3−8[6] or 7−13[7] | 18.49 ± 0.24 | 2012[10] |
| WISEPA J1541−2250 | Y1 | 432+11 −18[11] |
8−20[6] | 18.9 ± 0.2[12] | 2011[13][14] |
| WISE J2209+2711 | Y0[11] | 371+9 −13[11] |
8−19[6] or 5[15] | 20.17 ± 0.25 | 2014[16] |
| WISEPC J1405+5534 | Y0.5 (pec?) | 412+10 −17[11] |
9−21[6] | 20.6 ± 0.3 | 2011[13][14] |
| WISEPA J0410+1502 | Y0 | 451 ±88 | 8−20[6] | 21.32 ± 0.10[12] | 2011[13][14] |
| WISE J0825+2805 | Y0.5 | 406+10 −16[11] |
3−8[6] or 5[15] | 21.4 ± 0.4 | 2015[17] |
| CWISE J1055+5443[18] | Y0 (pec) | 500 ± 150 | 4−6 | 22+3 −2 |
2023 |
| WISEPC J2056+1459 | Y0 | 510+14 −25[11] |
13−23[7] or 5[15] | 22.27 ± 0.07[12] | 2011[13][14] |
| WISEPA J1738+2732 | Y0 | 450 ± 88 | 5−14,[6] 3−9[19] or 11−21[7] | 24.4 ± 0.2[12] | 2011[13][14] |
| WISEA J2354+0240 | Y1 | 362+10 −12[11] |
8−14[7] or 2.5+2.0 −1.3[20] |
25.0 ± 0.6 | 2015[17] |
| WISENF J1936+0408 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | 28.6+1.0 −0.9 |
2020[21] | |
| WISE J0647−6232 | Y1 | 393 ± 88 | 5–13[6] or 4.6+3.0 −2.2[20] |
29.6 ± 0.6[12] | 2013[22] |
| WISE J0713−2917 | Y0 | 464 ± 88 | 13−29[6] | 29.6 ± 0.2[12] | 2012[10] |
| WISEPC J1217+1626 B | Y0 | 460 ± 79 | 8−20[6] | 30.4 ± 1.0 | 2012[23] |
| WISEA J1930−2059 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 30.7+1.5 −1.4 |
2020[24] | |
| CWISEP J0402−2651 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 31.2+5.4 −4.0[25] |
2020[21] | |
| WISEA J1141−3326 | Y0 | 460 ± 79 | 3–8[6] | 31.4 ± 0.9 | 2014[26] |
| CWISEP J1446−2317 | Y1[11] | 366 ± 14[11] | 8.0 or 14.6[27] | 31.4+1.6 −1.4[11] |
2020[21] |
| CWISEP J2256+4002 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 32.0+4.0 −3.2 |
2020[21] | |
| WISEPA J1828+2650 | ≥Y2 | 406 ± 88 | 3–8[6] | 32.5+0.7 −0.6 |
2011[13][14] |
| WISE J0336−0143 A | Y0:[28] | 460 ± 79 | 8.5–18[29] | 32.7 ± 0.7 | 2012[10] |
| WISE J0336−0143 B[29] | Y2.5[a] (estimated) | 285–305[30] | 5–11.5 | 32.7 ± 0.7 | 2023 |
| WISEA J0830+2837 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 4−13[31] | 32.9+2.3 −2.0[32] |
2020[31] |
| WISEU J0503−5648 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 33.2+1.4 −1.3 |
2020[24] | |
| WISE J2220−3628 | Y0 | 452 ± 88 | 8–20[6] | 34.9 ± 0.4[12] | 2012[10] |
| CWISE J0925−4720 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | ~35.0 | 2021[33] | |
| CWISER J0216+4230 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | ~35.2 | 2023[1] | |
| WISEA J2243−1458 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | 37.4+3.0 −2.6[25] |
2020[24] | |
| WISE J1206+8401 | Y0 | 499+14 −24[11] |
6−14[6] or 12−22[7] | 38.5+1.0 −0.9 |
2015[17] |
| CWISEP J0238−1332 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 38.6+3.8 −3.1[25] |
2020[21] | |
| CWISE J2351−7000 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | ~42.7 | 2020[24] | |
| WISE J0359−5401 | Y0 | 468+13 −23[11] |
12−22[7] or 13[15] | 44.3 ± 1.2 | 2012[10] |
| WISE J0734−7157 | Y0 | 493+14 −24[11] |
9−20[6] | 44.5 ± 0.4[12] | 2012[10] |
| WISE J0304−2705 | Y0 pec | 465 ± 88 | 44.6+1.6 −1.5 |
2014[34] | |
| CWISEP J2011−4812 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | 3.8+2.6 −1.8[20] |
46 ± 2 | 2020[21] |
| CWISE J1811+6658 | early-Y (estimated) | 412 ± 79 | 47+5 −4 |
2023[1] | |
| CWISEP J1935−1546A | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 12–39[35] | 47+3 −2 |
2019[36] |
| CWISEP J1935−1546B | >Y1 (estimated) | 360–420 | 7–24[35] | 47+3 −2 |
2025[35] |
| WISE J0535−7500 | Y1[11] | 526+16 −26[11] |
8−20[6] or 12+18[15] | 47.5+1.4 −1.3 |
2012[10] |
| CWISEP J0940+5233 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 2.8+3.0 −1.6[20] |
47.7+6.3 −5.0[25] |
2020[21] |
| CWISEP J1047+5457 | Y1[11] | 415+20 −22[11] |
20.6 or 15.9[27] or 1–3[32] | 47.9+3.7 −3.2[11] |
2020[21] |
| CWISEP J0321+6932 | Y0.5 (estimated) | 412 ± 79 | 48 ± 3 | 2020[21] | |
| WISEA J1257+7153 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 4.7+3.0 −2.2[20] |
48.2+14.3 −9.0[25] |
2020[24] |
| CWISEP J0938+0634 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | 49.9+6.2 −5.0[25] |
2020[21] | |
| CWISEP J2230+2549 | ≥Y1 (estimated) | 367 ± 79 | 52.4+4.8 −4.0[25] |
2020[21] | |
| CWISEP J2356−4814 | Y0.5 (estimated) | 412 ± 79 | 3.1+2.3 −1.6[20] |
52.6+7.6 −5.9[25] |
2020[21] |
| CWISEP J0634+5049 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | 53+4 −3 |
2020[21] | |
| WISEA J1534−1043 | esdY0–esdY2 (estimated)[37] | 447 ± 45[38] | 53 ±4 | 2020[21] | |
| WISEA J0302−5817 | Y0: | 460 ± 79 | 55 ± 3 | 2018[39] | |
| CWISE J1531−3306 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | ~55.4 | 2021[33] | |
| CWISEP J0859+5349 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | 56.3+5.0 −4.0[25] |
2020[21] | |
| Ross 19 B | sdY (estimated)[37] | 460 ±79 | 15−40[40] | 56.89 ± 0.04 | 2021[40] |
| WISE 0226-0211 B | T9.5 to Y0 (estimated) | 511 ±79 | 57.9+2.7 −2.4 |
2019[41] | |
| 14 Herculis c[42] | Y3[a] (estimated) | 275 | 7.9+1.6 −1.2 |
58.38±0.03 | 2021 (discovered) 2025 (imaging) |
| CWISEP J2355+3804 | Y0 (estimate, might be T-dwarf)[21] | 450+109 −102 |
60+5.8 −4.9[25] |
2020[21] | |
| L 97-3 B | Y0[43] | 377 ± 88 | 7−9[6] | 62.73 ± 0.02 | 2011[44] |
| WISE J0146+4234 B | Y0 | 460 ± 79 | 8−20[6] | 63 ± 2 | 2015[45] |
| CWISE J2227+2604 | Y0 (estimated) | 460 ± 79 | ~65.2 | 2023[1] | |
| MEAD 62B | Y (estimated) | 343+7 −11 |
14.7+2.1 −3.1 |
66.8 | 2025[46] |
| CFBDSIR 1458+10 B[47] | Y0 (estimated) | 370 ± 40 | 6–15 | 75.34 ± 7.83 | 2011 |
| CWISEP J1359-4352 | Y0 (estimated) | 472+90 −89 |
79.4+9.3 −7.5[25] |
2020[21] | |
| CWISEP J0156+3255 | sdY (estimated) | 125+19 −17 |
2020/2024[21][37] | ||
| JADES-GS-BD-5 | sdY (estimated) | 322–500[48] | 228–1239[48] | 2024, shows proper motion[49] Spectrum in upcoming paper[48] | |
| Capotauro | Y2–Y3 (estimated) | 342+67 −46 |
1044–2870 | 2025[50][48] | |
| JADES-GN-BD-8 | sdY (estimated) | 400–502 | 1076-2348 | 2025[48] | |
| PANO-GS-BD-18 | sdY (estimated) | 487–511 | 1174–1500 | 2025[48] | |
| Bullet-BD1 | Y (estimated) | 350+110 −80 |
7-12 | 1402 ± 228 | 2026[51] shows proper motion |
| JADES-GS-BD-8 | sdY (estimated) | 404–508[48] | 1500–3066[48] | 2024[49] | |
| COSMOS-Web BD11 | sdY0 (estimated) | 750 | 2020 | 2025[52] | |
| JADES-GS-BD-21 | sdY (estimated) | 340–507 | 2414–5871 | 2025[48] | |
| JADES-GN-BD-5 | sdY (estimated) | 398–507 | 2707–3946 | 2025[48] | |
| JADES-GN-BD-9 | sdY (estimated) | 441–524 | 2740–4827 | 2025[48] | |
| JADES-GN-BD-16 | sdY (estimated) | 375–526 | 2838–5675 | 2025[48] | |
| Bullet-BD2 | Y (estimated) | 410+110 −50 |
12-22 | 2805 ± 359 | 2026[51] shows proper motion |
| CEERS-EGS-BD-6 | sdY (estimated) | 600 | 3590 | 2024[49] | |
| JADES-GS-BD-4 | sdY (estimated) | 483–545[48] | 4175–5055[48] | 2024[49] | |
| CEERS-EGS-BD-7 | sdY (estimated) | 650 | 4240 | 2024[49] | |
| COSMOS-Web BD16 | sdY0 (estimated) | 975 | 4650 | 2025[52] | |
| JADES-GN-BD-11 | sdY (estimated) | 463–562 | 6817–10111 | 2025[48] |
JADES-GN-BD-1 and JADES-GN-BD-3 were included as Y-dwarf candiates,[49] but were later found to be consistent with T-dwarfs.[48]
A large number of about 50 new candidate Y-dwarf were discovered with SPHEREx. These are only candidates and need confirmation.[53][54]
Notes
- 1 2 3 Estimated using the effective temperature. By using Eric Mamajek's table[55] one can compare Teff with the spectral type. Alternatively one can fit a curve to T5-Y4 dwarfs, which gives the formula
, with SpType 19 is T9, 20 is Y0, 21 is Y1, etc. Might be inaccurate for objects with non-solar metallicity.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; et al. (The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration) (December 2023). "The Initial Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of ∼3,600 Stars and Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 271 (2): 55. arXiv:2312.03639. Bibcode:2024ApJS..271...55K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad24e2.
- ↑ Coulter, Daniel J.; Barnes, Jason W.; Fortney, Jonathan J. (2022-11-01). "Jupiter and Saturn as Spectral Analogs for Extrasolar Gas Giants and Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 263 (1): 15. arXiv:2208.05541. Bibcode:2022ApJS..263...15C. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac886a. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Oliveira, C. Alves de; Birkmann, S. M.; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Valenti, J. (January 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf*". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (1): 5. arXiv:2311.17316. Bibcode:2024AJ....167....5L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b72. ISSN 1538-3881.
- ↑ Luhman, K. L. (2014-05-01). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Matthews, E. C.; Carter, A. L.; et al. (July 2024). "A temperate super-Jupiter imaged with JWST in the mid-infrared". Nature. 633 (8031): 789–792. arXiv:2503.01599. Bibcode:2024Natur.633..789M. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07837-8. PMC 11424479. PMID 39048015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-01). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 118. arXiv:1704.03573. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842..118L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fontanive, Clémence; Bedin, Luigi R.; De Furio, Matthew; Biller, Beth; Anderson, Jay; Bonavita, Mariangela; Allers, Katelyn; Pantoja, Blake (2023-12-01). "An HST survey of 33 T8 to Y1 brown dwarfs: NIR photometry and multiplicity of the coldest isolated objects". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526 (2): 1783–1798. arXiv:2309.09923. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.526.1783F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2870. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Fontanive, C.; Bedin, L. R.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, D. C. (2021-02-01). "The Y dwarf population with HST: unlocking the secrets of our coolest neighbours – I. Overview and first astrometric results". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 501 (1): 911–915. arXiv:2011.13873. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.501..911F. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3732. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Wright, Edward L.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Griffith, Roger L.; Salter, Graeme (2012-11-01). "WISE J163940.83-684738.6: A Y Dwarf Identified by Methane Imaging". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 60. arXiv:1209.6123. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...60T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/60. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012-07-01). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S.; Marocco, Federico; Smart, Richard L. (11 Jul 2024). "Precise Bolometric Luminosities and Effective Temperatures of 23 late-T and Y dwarfs Obtained with JWST". The Astrophysical Journal. 973 (2): 107. arXiv:2407.08518. Bibcode:2024ApJ...973..107B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6301.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fontanive, Clémence; Bedin, Luigi R.; Albert, Loïc; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez (2024-12-21). "The Y Dwarf Population with HST: unlocking the secrets of our coolest neighbours – II. Parallaxes and Proper Motions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 537 (1): 419. arXiv:2412.16679. Bibcode:2025MNRAS.537..419F. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf032.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Mainzer, A.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Bauer, James M.; Benford, Dominic J.; Bridge, Carrie R.; Lake, Sean E. (2011-12-01). "The First Hundred Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 197 (2): 19. arXiv:1108.4677. Bibcode:2011ApJS..197...19K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 16850733.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, A.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. (2011-12-01). "The Discovery of Y Dwarfs using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (1): 50. arXiv:1108.4678. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...50C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 286881.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (2024-01-01). "James Webb Space Telescope Spectra of Cold Brown Dwarfs are Well-reproduced by Phosphine-free, Diabatic, ATMO2020++ Models". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (1): 13. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8...13L. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad1b61. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Gould, Andrew (2014-05-01). "Three New Cool Brown Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and an Improved Spectrum of the Y0 Dwarf WISE J041022.71+150248.4". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 113. arXiv:1402.1378. Bibcode:2014AJ....147..113C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/113. ISSN 0004-6256.
- 1 2 3 Schneider, Adam C.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Skrutskie, M. F.; Griffith, Roger L.; Marsh, Kenneth A. (2015-05-01). "Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (2): 92. arXiv:1502.05365. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...92S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/92. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Robbins, Grady; Meisner, Aaron M.; Schneider, Adam C.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gagné, Jonathan; Hsu, Chih-Chun; Moranta, Leslie; Casewell, Sarah; Marocco, Federico; Gerasimov, Roman; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Caselden, Dan; Cushing, Michael C. (2023-11-01). "CWISE J105512.11+544328.3: A Nearby Y Dwarf Spectroscopically Confirmed with Keck/NIRES". The Astrophysical Journal. 958 (1): 94. arXiv:2310.09524. Bibcode:2023ApJ...958...94R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad0043. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Saumon, D.; Marley, M. S.; Morley, Caroline V.; Amundsen, D. S.; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G. (2016-06-01). "Near-infrared Spectroscopy of the Y0 WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 and the Y1 WISE J035000.32-565830.2: The Importance of Non-equilibrium Chemistry". The Astrophysical Journal. 824 (1): 2. arXiv:1603.09400. Bibcode:2016ApJ...824....2L. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/824/1/2. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gagné, Jonathan; Moranta, Leslie; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Curtis, Jason Lee; Bickle, Thomas P.; Couture, Dominic; Chiasson David, Amélie; Christie, Katie; Lambier, Samantha; Leclerc, Elise; Poliquin, Livia; Belzile, Danika; Mamajek, Eric E. (17 Feb 2026). "The Montreal Open Clusters and Associations (MOCA) Database: A Census of Nearby Associations, Open Clusters, and Young Substellar Objects within 500 pc of the Sun". arXiv e-prints: arXiv:2602.15695.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Marocco, Federico; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Wright, Edward L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Koontz, Renata; Marchese, Elijah J.; Khalil, Mohammed; Fowler, John W.; Schlafly, Edward F. (2020-02-01). "Expanding the Y Dwarf Census with Spitzer Follow-up of the Coldest CatWISE Solar Neighborhood Discoveries". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 74. arXiv:1911.12372. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889...74M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6215. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Beichman, Charles A.; Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam; Mace, Gregory N. (2013-10-01). "Discovery of the Y1 Dwarf WISE J064723.23-623235.5". The Astrophysical Journal. 776 (2): 128. arXiv:1308.5372. Bibcode:2013ApJ...776..128K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/128. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Bowler, Brendan P.; Leggett, S. K.; Best, William M. J. (2012-10-01). "Two Extraordinary Substellar Binaries at the T/Y Transition and the Y-band Fluxes of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 758 (1): 57. arXiv:1206.4044. Bibcode:2012ApJ...758...57L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/57. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118402490.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Marocco, Federico (9 Mar 2026). "Spitzer + HST parallaxes of 13 late T and Y dwarfs". arXiv:2603.08984 [astro-ph].
- ↑ Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Mike; Morley, Caroline V.; Wright, Edward L. (2014-11-01). "The Luminosities of the Coldest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 796 (1): 39. arXiv:1410.0746. Bibcode:2014ApJ...796...39T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/796/1/39. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 Zhijun, Tu; Shu, Wang; Liu, Jifeng (28 September 2024). "Physical Parameters and Properties of 20 Cold Brown Dwarfs in JWST". The Astrophysical Journal. 976 (1): 82. arXiv:2409.19191. Bibcode:2024ApJ...976...82T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad815a.
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