List of aerial victories claimed by Alfred Grislawski
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German fighter ace's wins
Alfred Grislawski (2 November 1919 – 19 September 2003) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II. He was credited with 133 victories claimed in over 800 combat missions.[Note 1] He recorded 24 victories over the Western Front, including 18 United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) four–engine bombers. Of his 109 claims recorded over the Eastern Front, 16 were Il-2 Sturmoviks.
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Grislawski was credited with 132 aerial victories.[2] Spick lists him with 133 aerial victories.[3] Obermaier also lists Grislawski with 133 aerial victories claimed in 795 combat missions, including 175 close air support missions. He claimed 109 victories over the Eastern Front. Of his 24 victories claimed over the Western Front, eighteen were four-engined bombers.[4][5] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 127 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure includes 108 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 19 on the Western Front, including 14 four-engined bombers[6]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 47654". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[7]
– (dash) indicates unwitnessed aerial victory claims for which Grislawski did not receive credit.
? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Bergström, Antipov, Sundin, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[8] Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 | |||||||||
| 1 | 1 September 1941 | 18:15 | I-16[9] | 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Kremenchuk[10] | 5 | 14 October 1941 | 07:14 | I-16[11] | 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Poltava[10] |
| 2 | 3 October 1941 | 17:02 | I-16[12] | 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Kharkov[10] | 6 | 14 October 1941 | 09:10 | Il-2[11] | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Oposhchnaya[10] |
| 3 | 5 October 1941 | 13:05 | I-26 (Yak-1)[11] | 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Krasnohrad[10] | 7 | 30 October 1941 | 09:35 | I-153[13] | 20 km (12 mi) north of Simferopol[10] |
| 4 | 6 October 1941 | 07:55 | V-11 (Il-2)[11] | 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Kharkov[10] | — |
30 October 1941 | — |
R-Z[13] | |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[8] Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942 | |||||||||
| 8 | 6 December 1941 | 10:55 | I-16 | 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Krepkaya[10][14] | 13 | 8 March 1942 | 11:18 | I-26 (Yak-1) | 7 km (4.3 mi) southwest of Savyntsi[10][15] |
| 9 | 6 December 1941 | 14:26 | I-16 | 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Azov[10][14] | 14 | 15 March 1942 | 16:35 | I-26 (Yak-1) | Katowka[10][15] |
| 10 | 8 December 1941 | 09:46 | I-5 (R-Z) | 20 km (12 mi) east of Taganrog[10][14] | 15 | 17 March 1942 | 08:25 | R-5 | south of Staryi Saltiv[10][15] |
| 11 | 8 December 1941 | 09:54 | I-16 | 20 km (12 mi) east of Krepkaya[10][14] | 16 | 26 March 1942 | 15:53 | I-61 (MiG-3)[16] | 18 km (11 mi) south-southeast of Staryi Saltiv[10] |
| 12 | 4 January 1942 | 14:15 | R-10 (Seversky) | 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Kotschetowka[10][17] | 17 | 27 March 1942 | 08:00?[Note 2] | Pe-2[16] | vicinity of Kharkov[10] |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[18] Eastern Front — 29 April – September 1942 | |||||||||
| 18 | 29 April 1942 | 12:45 | MiG-1?[19][Note 3] | vicinity of Zürichtal Kerch Peninsula[10] |
39 | 26 May 1942 | 16:09 | Pe-2 | west of Savintsy[20][21] |
| 19 | 30 April 1942 | 14:15 | I-15 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Feodosia[10][19] | 40 | 27 May 1942 | 11:30 | MiG-1 | 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Izium[20][21] |
| 20 | 30 April 1942 | 14:20 | I-15 | 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Kerch[10][19] | 41 | 27 May 1942 | 11:33 | MiG-1 | 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Izium[20][21] |
| 21 | 1 May 1942 | 04:45 | MBR-2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Sedshent (Sidsheut)[10][22] | 42 | 28 May 1942 | 14:15 | LaGG-3 | 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Izium[20][21] |
| 22 | 1 May 1942 | 04:55 | I-26 (Yak-1) | northwest of Arabat Fortress[10][22] | 43?[Note 4] | 23 June 1942 | 19:19 | MiG-1[23] | 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Kupiansk |
| 23 | 1 May 1942 | 05:03 | I-26 (Yak-1) | Akmonaj[10][22] | 43 | 4 September 1942 | 11:20 | I-16 | PQ 44482[24] vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 24 | 1 May 1942 | 08:09 | I-15 | vicinity of Ssal[10][22] | 44 | 5 September 1942 | 18:25 | Douglas DB-7?[Note 5] | PQ 44443, north of Georgjewsk[24] |
| 25 | 9 May 1942 | 12:28 | I-15 | 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Sedshent (Sidsheut)[10][25] | 45 | 6 September 1942 | 13:35 | Boston | PQ 44419[26] |
| 26 | 9 May 1942 | 12:33 | MiG-1 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Sarylar[10][25] | 46 | 6 September 1942 | 13:37 | Yak-1 | PQ 4441[26] |
| 27 | 14 May 1942 | 16:45 | MiG-1 | Kotomlja[10][27] | 47 | 8 September 1942 | 13:55 | Boston | PQ 44271[26] south of Mozdok |
| 28 | 14 May 1942 | 16:50 | MiG-1 | Kotowka[10][27] | 48 | 8 September 1942 | 13:56 | Boston | PQ 44373[26] |
| 29 | 15 May 1942 | 05:17 | MiG-1 | southeast of Staryi Saltiv[10][27] | 49 | 8 September 1942 | 13:57 | Boston | PQ 44373[26] |
| 30 | 15 May 1942 | 16:05 | Su-2 (Seversky) | Staryi Saltiv[20][27] | 50 | 8 September 1942 | 13:57 | Boston | PQ 44323[26] |
| 31 | 18 May 1942 | 10:30 | MiG-3 | 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Staryi Saltiv[20][27] | 51 | 9 September 1942 | 14:00 | MiG-1 | PQ 49481[26] PQ 44481, vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 32 | 18 May 1942 | 13:05 | MiG-1 | vicinity of Lipzy[20][27] | 52 | 9 September 1942 | 14:04 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44442, south of Mozdok[26] PQ 44453, vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 33 | 18 May 1942 | 18:23 | Su-2 (Seversky) | 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Staryi Saltiv[20][21] | 53 | 13 September 1942 | 13:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44539[28] PQ 44531, vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 34 | 20 May 1942 | 16:47 | LaGG-3 | 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Petrovskaya[20][21] | 54 | 14 September 1942 | 10:25?[Note 6] | Su-2?[Note 7] | PQ 44557[28] PQ 44521, vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 35 | 22 May 1942 | 14:30 | MiG-1 | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Balakleya[20][21] | 55 | 14 September 1942 | 14:25?[Note 8] | I-16?[Note 8] | PQ 47582[28] PQ 44562, vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 36 | 22 May 1942 | 14:36 | MiG-1 | 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Balakleya[20][21] | 56 | 16 September 1942 | 06:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44363[28] vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 37 | 24 May 1942 | 17:00 | R-10 (Seversky) | 25 km (16 mi) east of Slavyansk[20][21] | 57 | 17 September 1942 | 14:27 | I-16 | PQ 54324[31] vicinity of Terek[20] |
| 38 | 25 May 1942 | 19:03 | Su-2 (Seversky) | northeast of Petrowskaya[20][21] | 58 | 17 September 1942 | 14:28 | Su-2 (Seversky) | PQ 54344[31] vicinity of Terek[20] |
| – 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[30] Eastern Front — October 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
| 59 | 4 October 1942 | 14:35 | Boston | PQ 44283[32] PQ 34283, vicinity of Terek[20] |
76 | 10 December 1942 | 12:00 | Il-2 | PQ 44212[33] PQ 44282, Mozdok – vicinity of Malgobek[34] |
| 60 | 15 October 1942 | 12:50 | Il-2 | PQ 44434[32] vicinity of Terek[20] |
77 | 10 December 1942 | 12:02 | Il-2 | PQ 44293[33] Mozdok – vicinity of Malgobek[34] |
| 61 | 2 November 1942 | 11:38 | I-16 | PQ 44842[35] vicinity of Terek[34] |
78 | 10 December 1942 | 12:04 | Il-2 | PQ 44434[33] Mozdok – vicinity of Malgobek[34] |
| 62 | 2 November 1942 | 11:40 | I-153 | PQ 44814[35] vicinity of Terek[34] |
79 | 12 December 1942 | 09:00 | MiG-1 | PQ 44264[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
| 63 | 5 November 1942 | 08:25 | Il-2 | PQ 44792[36] vicinity of Terek[34] |
80 | 12 December 1942 | 11:22 | MiG-1 | PQ 44291[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
| 64 | 5 November 1942 | 08:27 | Il-2 | PQ 44861[36] vicinity of Terek[34] |
81 | 12 December 1942 | 11:25 | MiG-1 | PQ 54171[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
| 65 | 5 November 1942 | 12:00 | Il-2 | PQ 44714[36] PQ 44754, vicinity of Terek[34] |
82 | 12 December 1942 | 11:40 | I-16 | PQ 54313[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
| 66 | 5 November 1942 | 12:04 | Il-2 | PQ 44802[36] PQ 44872, vicinity of Terek[34] |
83 | 13 December 1942 | 10:53 | LaGG-3 | PQ 54174[37] PQ 54171, vicinity of Terek[34] |
| 67 | 7 November 1942 | 11:10 | Il-2 | PQ 44874[36] vicinity of Terek[34] |
84 | 14 December 1942 | 11:42 | Yak-1 | PQ 44293[37] vicinity of Terek[34] |
| 68 | 24 November 1942 | 11:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 43131[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
85 | 8 January 1943 | 06:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35714[37] Black Sea, 55 km (34 mi) southwest of Sevastopol |
| 69 | 27 November 1942 | 11:20 | Il-2 | PQ 44733[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
86 | 8 January 1943 | 06:40 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35743[37] |
| 70 | 27 November 1942 | 11:24 | Il-2 | PQ 44765[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
87 | 9 January 1943 | 09:20 | I-16 | PQ 3416[37] |
| 71 | 29 November 1942 | 06:50 | Pe-2 | PQ 35783[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
88 | 9 January 1943 | 13:35 | Il-2 | PQ 35721[37] |
| 72 | 5 December 1942 | 10:29 | I-16 | PQ 44721[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
89 | 16 January 1943 | 10:15 | I-153 | PQ 85182[37] vicinity of Achtyskaja |
| 73 | 5 December 1942 | 13:10 | Boston | PQ 44792[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
90 | 18 January 1943 | 09:30 | I-16 | PQ 85282[37] vicinity of Smolenskaja |
| 74 | 5 December 1942 | 13:39 | Il-2 | PQ 44763[33] vicinity of Terek[34] |
91 | 18 January 1943 | 09:35 | I-16 | PQ 85252[37] vicinity of Smolenskaja |
| 75 | 8 December 1942 | 09:25 | MiG-1 | PQ 34644[33] PQ 34694, vicinity of Terek[29] |
92 | 3 February 1943 | 13:55 | Boston | PQ 66313[37] PQ 06313, Kuban area[34] |
| – 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[38] Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
| 93 | 4 February 1943 | 07:23?[Note 9] | MiG-1 | PQ 34 Ost 75481[39] into the Black Sea |
102 | 6 May 1943 | 14:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 75261, southwest of Krymskaja[40] |
| 94 | 10 February 1943 | 06:45 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 85152[39] east of Sorin |
103 | 14 May 1943 | 11:17 | DB-3 | PQ 34 Ost 7585[41] |
| 95 | 19 April 1943 | 11:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 75343[42] south of Tscheshskij |
104 | 28 May 1943 | 06:25 | LaGG | PQ 34 Ost 76864[43] |
| 96 | 20 April 1943 | 16:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 75422[42] northwest of Novorossiysk |
105 | 28 May 1943 | 12:12 | LaGG | PQ 34 Ost 76874, north of Krymskaja[43] |
| 97 | 21 April 1943 | 05:55 | LaGG-3?[Note 10] | PQ 34 Ost 75474[42] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Novorossiysk |
106 | 29 May 1943 | 11:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 75232, north of Krymskaja[43] |
| 98 | 23 April 1943 | 17:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 75451[42] 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Novorossiysk |
107 | 31 May 1943 | 09:53 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 11] | PQ 34 Ost 75234[43] |
| 99 | 23 April 1943 | 17:12 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 75424[42] 4 km (2.5 mi) east of Novorossiysk |
108 | 3 June 1943 | 08:55 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 85112, east of Krymskaja[43] |
| 100 | 27 April 1943 | 10:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85268[42] | 109 | 3 June 1943 | 11:02 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 76861[43] north of Kessjetowa |
| 101 | 3 May 1943 | 15:25 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 11] | PQ 34 Ost 75262[40] Kuban area[29] |
|||||
| – 1. Staffel of Jagdgruppe Süd –[44] Defense of the Reich — August 1943 | |||||||||
| 110 | 17 August 1943 | 11:30 | B-17 | vicinity of Mannheim[29] | 111 | 17 August 1943 | 15:30 | B-17 | 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Rheinböllen[29] |
| – 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 50 –[44] Defense of the Reich — September – October 1943 | |||||||||
| 112 | 6 September 1943 | 10:40 | B-17 | southeast of Stuttgart[29] | 113 | 14 October 1943 | 14:38 | B-17 | 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Schweinfurt[29] |
| – 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[44] Defense of the Reich — November – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
| 114 | 29 November 1943 | 14:45?[Note 12] | B-17[45] | Bremen-Oldenburg area[29] | 117 | 16 December 1943 | 14:04 | B-17[46] | PQ DK-5, off De Koog, Texel[29] |
| 115 | 1 December 1943 | 11:45 | B-17[46] | Düren-Solingen area[29] | 118 | 20 December 1943 | 11:50 | B-17[46] | PQ CS, Brake-Beverstedt area[29] |
| 116 | 1 December 1943 | 11:45 | B-17[46] | Düren-Solingen area[29] | 119 | 22 December 1943 | 14:45 | B-17[47] | PQ GO-8, north of Enschede[29] |
| – 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[44] Defense of the Reich — January 1944 | |||||||||
| 120 | 11 January 1944 | 11:08 | B-17[48] | PQ FR-7/8, Dümmer See[29] | 121 | 24 January 1944 | 11:40 | B-17[48] | Aachen-Brussels |
| – 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[44] Defense of the Reich — April – June 1944 | |||||||||
| 122 | 9 April 1944 | 15:40 | B-17[49] | vicinity of Schleswig[1] | 124 | 13 April 1944 | 15:50~ | B-24[1][50] | |
| 123 | 9 April 1944 | 15:40 | B-17[50] | vicinity of Schleswig[1] | 125 | 22 April 1944 | 18:20 | P-51[51] | Kassel-Nordenbeck[1] |
| – 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –[44] Invasion of France — June – August 1944 | |||||||||
| 126 | 13 July 1944 | 18:15 | Typhoon | PQ 95 Ost S/UU-7, vicinity of Caen[1][52] | 128 | 19 July 1944 | 20:32 | Typhoon | PQ 95 Ost S/UU-1/2, vicinity of Caen[1][53] |
| 127 | 14 July 1944 | 19:17 | P-51 | PQ 94 Ost N/AU, south of Caen[52] vicinity of Falaise[1] |
129 | 12 August 1944 | 14:15 | Spitfire | PQ 04 Ost N/BB-9, south of L'Aigle[1][54] |
| – 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[44] Defense of the Reich — July – September 1944 | |||||||||
| 130 | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown[1] | 132 | 12 September 1944 | 11:10 | B-17[55] | PQ DG-EG 34/33, vicinity of Templin-Berlin[1] |
| 131 | 12 September 1944 | 11:05 | B-17[55] | PQ DG-EG 34/33, vicinity of Templin-Berlin[1] | |||||
| – 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 – Defense of the Reich — September – December 1944 | |||||||||
| 133?[Note 1] | 26 September 1944 | 16:54 | P-38[55] | south of Dülmen | |||||
Notes
- 1 2 Grislawski was officially credited with 133 aerial victories. Supposedly his 133rd victory was over a P-38 Lightning shot down on 26 September 1944 at 16:54 south of Dülmen. Grislawski himself denied that he shot down any enemy aircraft on that date, or even having made such a claim.[1]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:00.[8]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3.[8]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[8] This claim is not listed by Bergström, Antipov and Sundin.[20]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Petlyakov Pe-8 (TB-7).[8]
- ↑ According to Bergström, Antipov and Sundin claimed at 10:35.[29]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Polikarpov I-16.[30]
- 1 2 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:35 over a Seversky.[30]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:23.[30]
- ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin La-5.[30]
- 1 2 The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
- ↑ According to Bergström, Antipov and Sundin claimed at 14:30.[29]
References
Citations
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 300.
- ↑ Zabecki 2019, p. 330.
- ↑ Spick 1996, p. 230.
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 63.
- ↑ Forsyth 2011, p. 70.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 457–460.
- ↑ Planquadrat.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 427.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 71.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 296.
- 1 2 3 4 Prien et al. 2003, p. 74.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 72.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2003, p. 76.
- 1 2 3 4 Prien et al. 2005, p. 153.
- 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2005, p. 157.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2005, p. 158.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 154.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 427–428.
- 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2006, p. 542.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 297.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Prien et al. 2006, p. 547.
- 1 2 3 4 Prien et al. 2006, p. 544.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 549.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 556.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 545.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Prien et al. 2006, p. 557.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prien et al. 2006, p. 546.
- 1 2 3 4 Prien et al. 2006, p. 558.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 299.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 428.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 559.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 561.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Prien et al. 2006, p. 564.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 298.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 562.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Prien et al. 2006, p. 563.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Prien et al. 2006, p. 565.
- ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 428–429.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012, p. 478.
- 1 2 Prien et al. 2012, p. 480.
- ↑ Prien et al. 2012, p. 481.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prien et al. 2012, p. 479.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prien et al. 2012, p. 482.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 429.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 640.
- 1 2 3 4 Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 641.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 642.
- 1 2 Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1200.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1205.
- 1 2 Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1206.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1207.
- 1 2 Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1212.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1213.
- ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996, p. 1214.
- 1 2 3 Prien 1991, p. 1684.
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