List of cardiology mnemonics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of cardiology mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialities, see this list of medical mnemonics.
CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation
Marfan’s
Aortic stenosis characteristics
Aortic to right Subclavian path
Heart valves (right to left)
Toilet Paper My Ass, or They Pay Me Alcohol, or Thugs Push Me Around. [2]
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable
Atrial Arrhythmias
Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization.
Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
Digoxin: Helps slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
Electrocardioversion: A procedure in which electric currents are used to reset the heart's rhythm back to regular pattern.[3]
Atrial Fibrillation causes
Pirates:[1]p. 3
Pulmonary: PE, COPD
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart: mitral regurgitation
Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
Sick sinus syndrome
Atrial fibrillation management
Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)
Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers
Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium:[1]p. 30
Betaxolol
Acebutelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
CHF Treatment
CHF: causes of exacerbation
FAILURE[1]p. 30
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection
Lifestyle: taken too much salt
Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism
Renal failure
Embolism: pulmonary
Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Darth Vader
Death
Arrhythmia
Rupture(free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles)
Tamponade
Heart failure (acute or chronic)
Valve disease
Aneurysm of Ventricles
Dressler's Syndrome
thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)
Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation[5]
Coronary artery bypass graft: indications
DUST:[1]p. 31
Depressed ventricular function
Unstable angina
Stenosis of the left main stem
Triple vessel disease
ECG: left vs. right bundle block
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:[1]p. 31
W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block.
M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block.
Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications
Endocarditis
FROM JANE:
Fever
Roth's spots
Osler's nodes
Murmur of heart
Janeway lesions
Anemia
Emboli
Heart valve sequence
Heart blocks
If the R is far from P, then you have a First Degree.
Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a Wenkebach.
if some P's don't get through, then you have Mobitz II.
If P's and Q's don't agree, then you have a Third Degree.[6]
Infarctions
INFARCTIONS[1]p. 34
IV access
Narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine, pethidine)
Facilities for defibrillation (DF)
Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin)
Rest
Converting enzyme inhibitor
Thrombolysis
IV beta blocker
Oxygen 60%
Nitrates
Stool Softeners
JVP: wave form
ASK ME[1]p. 32
Atrial contraction
Systole (ventricular contraction)
Klosure (closure) of tricuspid valve, so atrial filling
Maximal atrial filling
Emptying of atrium
MI: basic management
MI: signs and symptoms
PULSE:[1]p. 32
Persistent chest pains
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating
MI: therapeutic treatment
O BATMAN![1]p. 32
Oxygen
Beta blocker
ASA
Thrombolytics (e.g. heparin)
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin
MI: treatment of acute MI
Murmur attributes
"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves):[1]p. 32
Intensity
Location
Pitch
Quality
Radiation
Shape
Timing
Murmurs: innocent murmur features
8 S's:[1]p. 32
Soft
Systolic
Short
Sounds (S1 & S2) normal
Symptomless
Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG)
Standing/ Sitting (vary with position)
Sternal depression
Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration
LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration
RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration.[1]p. 32
Murmurs: questions to ask
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic
Pericarditis: causes
CARDIAC RIND:[1]p. 34
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydralazine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome
Pericarditis: EKG
Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria
SICVD:[1]p. 34
Symmetry of leg musculature
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
Varicose veins
Distribution of hair
Pulseless electrical activity: causes
PATCH MED:[1]p. 34
Pulmonary embolus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs
ST elevation causes in ECG
ELEVATION:[1]p. 34
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis)
Injury (AMI, contusion)
Osborne waves (hypothermia)
Non-occlusive vasospasm
Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment
ABCDE:[1]p. 35
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Calcium channel antagonist
Digoxin
Excitation (vagal stimulation)