List of countries by past fertility rate

This is a list of countries showing past fertility rate, ranging from 1900 to 2015 in five-year periods, as estimated by the World Population Prospects database by the United Nations Population Division and Our World in Data.

The fertility rate equals the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years.

Country/dependent territory	1900–1905	1905–1910	1910–1915	1915–1920	1920–1925	1925–1930	1930–1935	1935–1940	1940–1945	1945–1950
Albania							3.57	4.19	4.36	5.33
Argentina	5.91	5.63	5.31	5.08	4.72	4.34	3.89	3.49	3.39	3.22
Armenia	8.03	7.98	7.93	7.88	7.83	7.50	6.74	5.98	3.00	3.75
Australia	3.56	3.38	3.48	3.16	3.06	2.80	2.28	2.19	2.44	2.96
Austria	4.26	3.90	3.44	2.81	3.13	2.55	2.09	1.99	2.37	1.87
Barbados	5.05	5.03	5.00	4.99	4.89	4.56	4.32	4.28	4.34	4.44
Belarus	5.92	5.77	5.61	5.45	5.29	5.03	4.49	3.93	3.37	2.84
Belgium	3.73	3.47	3.20	2.94	2.67	2.41	2.16	2.02	1.90	2.41
Bolivia	6.48	6.48	6.48	6.48	6.48	6.48	6.50	6.56	6.62	6.68
Brazil	5.81	5.85	5.90	5.90	5.90	5.90	5.90	5.90	5.95	6.09
Bulgaria	5.73	5.72	5.48	5.37	5.19	4.65	3.94	3.31	3.08	2.96
Canada	4.03	4.04	3.99	3.74	3.39	3.26	3.04	2.69	2.92	3.37
Chile	5.94	6.15	6.11	5.80	5.68	5.60	5.39	4.95	4.95	4.92
China	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.45	5.33	5.06	5.08
Colombia	6.23	6.33	6.35	6.36	6.42	6.43	6.25	6.14	6.13	6.34
Costa Rica	7.05	7.22	7.25	6.79	6.75	6.88	6.69	6.53	6.73	6.53
Croatia	5.38	5.18	4.98	5.19	5.20	4.77	4.26	3.75	3.24	2.89
Cuba	5.33	5.79	5.80	5.79	5.46	4.93	4.47	4.25	4.07	4.43
Cyprus	4.04	4.10	4.48	4.36	3.79	3.89	4.31	4.37	4.30	3.95
Czech Republic	4.68	4.27	3.82	3.28	2.85	2.29	1.95	1.76	2.51	2.95
Denmark	4.04	3.83	3.54	3.14	2.98	2.48	2.19	2.15	2.59	2.76
Ecuador	6.98	6.92	6.85	6.82	6.97	7.13	7.08	6.95	6.75	6.71
Egypt			5.99	6.01	6.07	6.24	6.29	5.93	5.99	6.40
El Salvador	5.87	5.85	5.94	5.84	6.19	6.29	6.22	6.10	6.07	6.07
Estonia	3.83	3.58	3.32	2.76	2.55	2.46	2.25	2.14	2.14	2.11
Finland	4.80	4.72	4.36	3.55	3.49	2.97	2.48	2.46	2.41	3.35
France	2.82	2.64	2.47	1.45	2.50	2.32	2.21	2.11	2.07	2.98
Georgia	7.65	7.26	6.88	6.50	6.11	5.73	5.13	4.22	3.56	3.27
Germany	4.82	4.41	3.67	2.58	2.49	2.04	1.74	2.17	2.07	2.08
Greece	5.22	4.60	3.97	3.34	2.77	3.87	3.97	3.56	3.13	2.55
Guatemala		6.19	6.33	6.29	6.54	6.76	6.73	6.37	6.18	6.39
Guyana	5.36	5.52	4.95	4.39	4.84	5.00	5.01	5.08	5.37	5.45
Honduras			6.18	6.10	6.33	6.32	6.12	6.05	6.10	6.32
Hungary	5.16	4.85	4.50	4.09	3.56	3.13	2.75	2.48	2.54	2.72
Iceland	4.08	3.99	3.87	3.92	3.74	3.49	3.31	2.86	3.13	3.63
India	5.72	5.72	5.71	5.71	5.77	5.82	5.88	5.93	5.92	5.91
Indonesia	6.03	6.14	6.07	5.46	5.47	5.45	5.43	5.40	5.38	5.35
Ireland	3.06	3.13	3.09	2.81	2.83	2.72	2.61	2.66	2.87	3.48
Israel						4.40	4.30	3.74	3.49	4.21
Italy	4.47	4.45	4.28	3.40	3.69	3.56	3.14	2.98	2.70	2.77
Jamaica	4.98	5.23	5.00	5.11	5.26	4.82	4.84	4.39	4.06	3.89
Japan	4.82	4.84	5.10	4.89	5.20	5.07	4.69	4.21	3.94	3.99
Kazakhstan	6.40	6.37	6.34	6.30	6.27	6.15	5.90	5.66	5.15	4.54
Kyrgyzstan									4.34	4.28
Latvia						2.84	2.53	2.41	2.39	2.15
Lithuania	4.86	4.61	4.34	4.09	3.83	3.65	3.45	3.12	3.04	2.85
Luxembourg	4.13	4.00	3.57	2.96	2.72	2.62	2.36	1.79	1.73	2.34
Malaysia							4.91	5.30	5.22	5.20
Malta	5.33	5.23	4.54	4.30	4.55	4.51	4.57	4.48	4.67	5.06
Mauritius	5.09	4.83	4.94	4.68	5.10	5.11	4.29	4.20	4.40	5.51
Mexico	6.39	6.12	5.79	5.55	5.97	5.95	5.95	5.87	6.02	6.40
Netherlands	4.44	4.17	3.86	3.53	3.62	3.12	2.80	2.57	2.82	3.45
New Zealand	3.52	3.65	3.50	3.26	3.08	2.71	2.44	2.51	3.05	3.54
Nicaragua	6.16	6.16	6.16	6.16	6.16	6.16	6.16	6.26	6.50	6.74
Norway	4.25	3.91	3.72	3.38	3.20	2.43	1.99	1.84	2.12	2.60
Panama	5.39	5.45	5.46	5.11	5.31	5.21	5.04	5.08	5.27	5.41
Peru	6.80	6.75	6.70	6.65	6.60	6.55	6.56	6.64	6.74	6.84
Philippines	6.09	5.37	5.99	5.82	5.96	6.01	5.68	5.65	5.76	6.33
Poland	5.27	5.01	4.71	3.67	4.66	4.39	3.87	3.36	3.13	3.45
Portugal	4.12	4.01	4.40	3.98	4.29	4.13	3.84	3.41	3.20	3.29
Puerto Rico (USA)			4.69	5.04	5.07	4.87	5.11	5.24	5.30	5.49
Romania	5.28	5.38	5.60	4.25	4.88	4.63	4.52	4.04	3.11	3.19
Russia	7.27	7.08	7.06	4.55	6.12	6.57	4.79	4.73	3.03	2.67
Serbia	5.40	5.08	5.16	4.92	4.70	4.48	4.26	4.05	3.84	3.68
Singapore	5.47	5.39	5.40	5.58	5.84	6.35	7.03	7.48	6.23	6.38
Slovakia	5.20	4.92	4.34	3.04	4.53	3.78	3.18	2.79	2.93	3.17
Slovenia	4.48	4.35	4.08	2.61	3.87	3.61	3.35	2.88	2.78	2.67
South Korea			5.92	5.95	5.89	5.98	6.13	6.28	6.32	5.97
Spain	4.65	4.56	4.34	4.18	4.03	3.77	3.57	2.81	2.76	2.77
Sri Lanka	5.52	5.39	5.66	5.94	5.84	6.17	5.74	5.39	5.61	5.75
Sweden	3.89	3.71	3.37	2.85	2.72	2.10	1.82	1.76	2.16	2.49
Switzerland	3.77	3.53	3.04	2.51	2.38	2.17	1.93	1.79	2.20	2.55
Taiwan		5.66	5.99	5.69	5.93	6.24	6.48	6.38	5.91	5.74
Trinidad and Tobago	4.91	4.69	4.33	4.24	4.19	4.28	4.03	4.35	4.90	5.28
Turkey								6.69	6.65	6.82
Ukraine	6.56	6.23	5.90	5.57	5.24	4.83	4.18	3.51	3.04	2.84
United Kingdom	3.44	3.18	2.92	2.22	2.57	2.06	1.83	1.79	1.93	2.37
United States	3.83	3.66	3.54	3.34	3.18	2.78	2.26	2.04	2.36	2.88
Uruguay	4.38	4.42	4.28	3.78	3.49	3.31	2.99	2.71	2.68	2.69
Venezuela	5.65	5.82	5.91	5.59	5.55	5.69	5.40	5.40	5.57	5.95
Vietnam			4.15	4.50	4.47	4.71	4.86	4.99	5.01	4.97
World	5.49	5.41	5.33	5.06	5.17	5.10	4.91	4.83	4.71	4.79

Region	1900–1905	1905–1910	1910–1915	1915–1920	1920–1925	1925–1930	1930–1935	1935–1940	1940–1945	1945–1950
Africa			5.99	6.01	6.07	6.24	6.29	5.93	5.99	6.40
Asia	5.95	5.84	5.81	5.77	5.72	5.73	5.65	5.61	5.29	5.43
Oceania	3.54	3.51	3.49	3.21	3.07	2.76	2.36	2.35	2.74	3.25
South America	6.02	6.04	5.99	5.83	5.76	5.71	5.55	5.42	5.42	5.49
Australia/New Zealand	3.54	3.51	3.49	3.21	3.07	2.76	2.36	2.35	2.74	3.25
Western Europe	4.00	3.73	3.32	2.68	2.79	2.46	2.18	2.06	2.17	2.53
Caribbean	5.07	5.18	5.03	5.03	4.95	4.65	4.42	4.32	4.34	4.51
Eastern Europe	5.67	5.47	5.22	4.36	4.70	4.37	3.74	3.32	2.97	2.98
Europe	4.59	4.37	4.09	3.55	3.70	3.39	3.01	2.77	2.75	3.00
North America	4.75	4.61	4.44	4.21	4.18	4.00	3.75	3.53	3.77	4.22
Latin America	5.87	5.90	5.84	5.71	5.73	5.66	5.53	5.42	5.47	5.67
Eastern Asia	5.16	5.33	5.53	5.51	5.54	5.60	5.69	5.55	5.23	5.20
Central America	6.12	6.17	6.23	6.04	6.19	6.26	6.17	6.07	6.15	6.23
Southern Europe	4.88	4.68	4.47	3.99	4.14	4.09	3.87	3.49	3.39	3.46
Northern Europe	4.03	3.87	3.63	3.23	3.12	2.74	2.45	2.36	2.53	2.98
Northern Africa			5.99	6.01	6.07	6.24	6.29	5.93	5.99	6.40
Southern Asia	5.62	5.55	5.69	5.83	5.80	6.00	5.81	5.66	5.77	5.83
Southeast Asia	5.86	5.63	5.40	5.34	5.43	5.63	5.75	5.88	5.60	5.76
Central Asia	6.40	6.37	6.34	6.30	6.27	6.15	5.90	5.66	5.15	4.54

Region	1950–1955	1955–1960	1960–1965	1965–1970	1970–1975	1975–1980	1980–1985	1985–1990	1990–1995	1995–2000	2000–2005	2005–2010	2010–2015
Africa	6.62	6.66	6.72	6.72	6.71	6.64	6.48	6.18	5.72	5.34	5.08	4.89	4.72
Asia	5.80	5.56	5.81	5.73	5.03	4.10	3.70	3.50	2.92	2.56	2.41	2.30	2.20
Australia/New Zealand	3.27	3.53	3.38	2.96	2.59	2.02	1.92	1.89	1.90	1.82	1.80	1.99	1.91
Caribbean	5.27	5.19	5.48	5.00	4.37	3.62	3.41	3.13	2.83	2.64	2.49	2.38	2.28
Central America	6.76	6.81	6.75	6.68	6.55	5.49	4.60	3.99	3.50	3.09	2.80	2.54	2.38
Central Asia	4.86	5.32	5.57	5.16	5.02	4.51	4.13	4.00	3.57	2.89	2.51	2.66	2.71
Eastern Africa	7.05	7.05	7.11	7.11	7.14	7.10	7.02	6.80	6.41	6.12	5.76	5.35	4.89
Eastern Asia	5.56	4.98	5.53	5.53	4.36	2.86	2.48	2.59	1.87	1.51	1.52	1.56	1.59
Eastern Europe	2.92	2.82	2.43	2.15	2.14	2.07	2.08	2.09	1.63	1.30	1.26	1.42	1.57
Europe	2.66	2.66	2.57	2.37	2.17	1.98	1.88	1.81	1.57	1.43	1.43	1.55	1.60
Latin America	5.87	5.88	5.89	5.53	5.03	4.48	3.96	3.46	3.06	2.76	2.48	2.26	2.14
Melanesia	6.30	6.34	6.24	6.02	5.82	5.56	5.19	4.74	4.50	4.40	4.16	3.93	3.67
Micronesia	6.25	6.42	6.46	5.84	5.27	4.80	4.40	4.09	3.74	3.44	3.15	3.05	3.00
Middle Africa	6.08	6.11	6.24	6.35	6.50	6.65	6.73	6.76	6.67	6.52	6.39	6.24	5.94
Northern Africa	6.80	6.87	6.94	6.83	6.52	6.18	5.74	5.11	4.21	3.47	3.15	3.09	3.31
North America	3.34	3.61	3.28	2.55	2.02	1.77	1.79	1.88	2.00	1.95	1.99	2.01	1.85
Northern Europe	2.32	2.51	2.71	2.49	2.06	1.80	1.80	1.85	1.80	1.70	1.66	1.85	1.85
Oceania	3.84	4.06	3.94	3.55	3.21	2.73	2.60	2.51	2.49	2.46	2.44	2.53	2.41
Polynesia	6.78	6.86	6.82	6.39	5.74	5.23	4.79	4.37	3.96	3.55	3.32	3.17	2.97
South America	5.67	5.67	5.66	5.22	4.60	4.24	3.80	3.30	2.92	2.64	2.35	2.13	2.03
Southeast Asia	5.93	6.12	6.09	5.91	5.48	4.81	4.20	3.58	3.11	2.69	2.53	2.42	2.35
Southern Africa	6.06	6.07	6.03	5.86	5.60	5.19	4.75	4.15	3.50	3.09	2.85	2.71	2.64
Southern Asia	6.04	6.06	6.07	5.94	5.67	5.31	5.03	4.57	4.04	3.61	3.19	2.85	2.54
Southern Europe	2.68	2.62	2.70	2.68	2.56	2.24	1.83	1.56	1.42	1.34	1.37	1.44	1.42
Sub-Saharan Africa	6.57	6.60	6.67	6.70	6.77	6.78	6.70	6.49	6.16	5.90	5.65	5.40	5.10
Western Africa	6.56	6.63	6.80	6.91	6.87	6.67	6.41	6.16	5.95	5.75	5.53	5.20	4.88
Western Asia	6.15	6.00	5.73	5.36	5.00	4.51	4.03	3.60	3.23	3.02	2.90	2.74	2.61
Western Europe	2.65	2.47	1.96	1.65	1.62	1.57	1.49	1.52	1.59	1.64	1.67	1.69	1.71

List of countries by past fertility rate

List of countries

1900–1950

1950–2015

2015–

List of regions

1900–1950

1950–2015

References

External links

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Country/dependent territory	1950–1955	1955–1960	1960–1965	1965–1970	1970–1975	1975–1980	1980–1985	1985–1990	1990–1995	1995–2000	2000–2005	2005–2010	2010–2015
Afghanistan	7.45	7.45	7.45	7.45	7.45	7.45	7.45	7.45	7.48	7.65	7.18	6.37	5.26
Albania	6.23	6.55	6.23	5.26	4.60	3.90	3.41	3.15	2.79	2.38	1.95	1.64	1.71
Algeria	7.28	7.38	7.65	7.65	7.57	7.18	6.32	5.30	4.12	2.88	2.38	2.72	2.96
Angola	7.30	7.35	7.60	7.60	7.60	7.60	7.40	7.35	7.10	6.75	6.55	6.35	5.95
Antigua and Barbuda	4.50	4.50	4.30	4.00	3.26	2.24	2.14	2.07	2.09	2.31	2.27	2.17	2.10
Argentina	3.15	3.13	3.09	3.05	3.15	3.44	3.15	3.05	2.90	2.63	2.52	2.40	2.34
Armenia	4.49	4.90	4.45	3.45	3.04	2.60	2.50	2.60	2.38	1.75	1.65	1.72	1.65
Aruba (Netherlands)	5.65	5.15	4.40	3.30	2.65	2.45	2.36	2.30	2.17	1.95	1.82	1.76	1.80
Australia	3.18	3.41	3.27	2.87	2.54	1.99	1.91	1.86	1.86	1.79	1.77	1.95	1.88
Austria	2.10	2.57	2.78	2.57	2.04	1.65	1.60	1.45	1.48	1.39	1.38	1.40	1.45
Azerbaijan	5.20	5.60	6.00	5.40	4.60	3.80	3.30	3.20	2.90	2.25	1.90	1.83	2.10
Bahamas	4.05	4.31	4.50	3.58	3.54	2.95	3.05	2.65	2.64	2.33	1.87	1.91	1.81
Bahrain	6.97	6.97	7.17	6.97	5.95	5.23	4.63	4.08	3.40	2.95	2.65	2.25	2.12
Bangladesh	6.36	6.62	6.80	6.92	6.91	6.63	5.98	4.98	4.06	3.43	2.94	2.48	2.22
Barbados	4.42	4.30	4.27	3.53	2.72	2.16	1.92	1.77	1.73	1.74	1.75	1.77	1.79
Belarus	2.61	2.73	2.59	2.28	2.25	2.09	2.09	2.08	1.68	1.31	1.26	1.43	1.64
Belgium	2.36	2.50	2.65	2.39	2.01	1.70	1.60	1.56	1.61	1.60	1.68	1.82	1.78
Belize	6.65	6.55	6.45	6.35	6.25	6.20	5.40	4.70	4.35	3.85	3.35	2.84	2.64
Benin	5.86	6.13	6.42	6.65	6.83	7.00	7.01	6.88	6.56	6.16	5.78	5.49	5.22
Bhutan	6.67	6.67	6.67	6.67	6.67	6.67	6.39	6.11	5.07	4.13	3.14	2.62	2.20
Bolivia	6.89	6.77	6.61	6.41	6.15	5.89	5.51	5.08	4.70	4.29	3.82	3.39	3.04
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4.82	3.97	3.68	3.14	2.73	2.27	2.02	1.86	1.70	1.68	1.32	1.31	1.31
Botswana	6.50	6.58	6.65	6.70	6.55	6.35	5.95	4.90	4.25	3.68	3.15	2.90	2.88
Brazil	6.10	6.05	6.00	5.37	4.68	4.28	3.82	3.16	2.51	2.33	2.09	1.82	1.73
Brunei	6.90	6.89	6.66	5.90	5.49	4.45	3.79	3.47	3.08	2.51	1.99	1.80	1.90
Bulgaria	2.53	2.30	2.22	2.13	2.16	2.19	2.01	1.95	1.55	1.20	1.24	1.45	1.51
Burkina Faso	6.10	6.24	6.35	6.56	6.70	7.02	7.17	7.07	6.93	6.73	6.43	6.08	5.65
Burundi	6.80	6.86	7.07	7.27	7.30	7.44	7.40	7.55	7.40	7.15	6.85	6.50	6.00
Cambodia	6.95	6.95	6.95	6.70	6.16	5.42	6.37	5.99	5.13	4.25	3.44	3.08	2.70
Cameroon	5.49	5.53	5.80	6.08	6.31	6.50	6.70	6.60	6.22	5.75	5.45	5.25	4.95
Canada	3.64	3.88	3.68	2.61	1.98	1.73	1.63	1.62	1.69	1.56	1.52	1.64	1.61
Cape Verde	6.57	6.76	6.97	6.97	6.86	6.62	6.10	5.63	4.93	4.14	3.42	2.89	2.50
Central African Republic	5.52	5.75	5.90	5.95	5.95	5.95	5.95	5.90	5.70	5.55	5.45	5.30	5.10
Chad	6.10	6.20	6.30	6.40	6.67	6.87	7.04	7.21	7.39	7.41	7.24	6.85	6.31
Guernsey and Jersey (UK)	2.06	2.22	2.56	2.36	1.86	1.52	1.44	1.45	1.46	1.40	1.41	1.42	1.46
Chile	5.15	5.17	4.95	4.44	3.58	2.95	2.70	2.64	2.43	2.21	2.03	1.94	1.82
China^[2]	6.02	5.40	6.20	6.25	4.77	3.00	2.55	2.72	1.90	1.51	1.55	1.58	1.60
Colombia	6.76	6.76	6.76	6.18	4.90	4.25	3.70	3.18	2.84	2.50	2.30	2.10	1.93
Comoros	6.00	6.60	6.91	7.05	7.05	7.05	7.05	6.70	6.10	5.60	5.20	4.90	4.60
Costa Rica	5.95	6.39	6.28	5.26	4.06	3.70	3.50	3.31	3.01	2.61	2.17	2.01	1.85
Croatia	2.73	2.38	2.22	2.00	1.98	1.90	1.87	1.72	1.52	1.62	1.41	1.52	1.49
Cuba	4.15	3.70	4.68	4.30	3.60	2.15	1.85	1.85	1.65	1.64	1.59	1.58	1.71
Curaçao (Netherlands)	5.07	5.10	4.40	3.80	2.87	2.45	2.25	2.30	2.28	2.12	2.09	1.98	2.07
Cyprus	3.70	3.50	3.44	2.80	2.49	2.29	2.45	2.43	2.33	1.89	1.59	1.48	1.38
Czech Republic	2.74	2.38	2.21	1.96	2.21	2.36	1.97	1.90	1.65	1.17	1.19	1.43	1.48
Democratic Republic of the Congo	5.98	5.98	6.04	6.15	6.29	6.46	6.60	6.71	6.77	6.77	6.72	6.63	6.40
Denmark	2.55	2.55	2.58	2.27	1.96	1.68	1.43	1.54	1.75	1.76	1.76	1.85	1.73
Djibouti	6.31	6.39	6.55	6.71	6.84	6.64	6.45	6.18	5.85	4.81	4.21	3.55	3.10
Dominican Republic	7.60	7.64	7.35	6.65	5.68	4.76	4.15	3.65	3.31	2.98	2.83	2.67	2.53
Ecuador	6.75	6.75	6.65	6.40	5.80	5.05	4.45	4.00	3.55	3.20	2.88	2.73	2.59
Egypt	6.75	6.75	6.65	6.45	6.00	5.70	5.49	5.15	4.12	3.40	3.15	2.98	3.38
El Salvador	6.36	6.60	6.67	6.36	5.95	5.44	4.75	4.17	3.78	3.34	2.72	2.40	2.17
Equatorial Guinea	5.67	5.65	5.67	5.79	5.80	5.79	5.89	5.98	5.97	5.94	5.69	5.40	4.99
Eritrea	6.96	6.96	6.82	6.70	6.62	6.62	6.70	6.51	6.20	5.60	5.10	4.80	4.40
Estonia	2.06	1.99	1.94	2.02	2.15	2.06	2.09	2.20	1.63	1.33	1.39	1.66	1.59
Eswatini (Swaziland)	6.70	6.70	6.75	6.85	6.87	6.73	6.50	6.00	5.20	4.45	4.00	3.75	3.30
Ethiopia	7.17	6.90	6.90	6.87	7.10	7.18	7.42	7.37	7.09	6.83	6.13	5.26	4.63
Federated States of Micronesia	7.20	7.00	6.90	6.90	6.90	6.40	6.00	5.20	4.79	4.53	4.05	3.62	3.33
Fiji	6.62	6.79	5.95	5.00	4.20	4.00	3.80	3.47	3.35	3.19	2.98	2.75	2.60
Finland	3.00	2.77	2.66	2.19	1.62	1.66	1.68	1.66	1.82	1.74	1.75	1.84	1.77
France^[3]	2.75	2.69	2.83	2.64	2.30	1.87	1.87	1.80	1.71	1.76	1.88	1.98	1.98
French Guiana (France)	5.00	4.92	5.02	5.00	4.18	3.30	3.58	3.73	4.05	3.93	3.72	3.64	3.45
French Polynesia (France)	6.00	5.86	5.44	5.20	4.86	4.23	3.82	3.64	3.11	2.61	2.36	2.17	2.07
Gabon	3.99	4.20	4.59	4.93	5.23	5.57	5.72	5.58	5.22	4.77	4.35	4.15	4.00
Gambia	5.29	5.46	5.70	5.96	6.20	6.34	6.29	6.14	6.08	5.99	5.90	5.76	5.62
Georgia	2.75	2.91	2.93	2.80	2.60	2.39	2.27	2.26	2.05	1.72	1.58	1.80	2.00
Germany	2.13	2.27	2.47	2.36	1.71	1.51	1.46	1.43	1.30	1.35	1.35	1.36	1.43
Ghana	6.44	6.64	6.84	6.95	6.90	6.69	6.35	5.88	5.34	5.02	5.02	4.64	4.37
Greece	2.48	2.42	2.29	2.55	2.53	2.42	2.06	1.58	1.42	1.35	1.33	1.46	1.34
Grenada	5.80	6.70	6.40	4.80	4.60	4.30	4.23	4.14	3.46	2.81	2.43	2.30	2.18
Guadeloupe (France)	5.61	5.61	5.61	5.22	4.49	3.52	2.55	2.45	2.10	2.10	2.08	2.06	2.00
Guam (USA)	5.53	5.83	6.03	4.72	4.12	3.52	3.08	3.14	2.88	2.88	2.74	2.54	2.42
Guatemala	7.12	6.99	6.80	6.70	6.58	6.46	6.16	5.58	5.31	4.83	4.33	3.62	3.19
Guinea	6.00	6.07	6.15	6.18	6.29	6.45	6.59	6.63	6.51	6.24	5.91	5.54	5.13
Guinea-Bissau	5.90	5.90	5.95	6.00	6.10	6.25	6.70	6.68	6.50	6.05	5.60	5.20	4.90
Guyana	6.04	6.45	6.15	5.70	4.99	4.06	3.64	3.13	3.08	3.05	2.95	2.73	2.60
Haiti	6.30	6.30	6.30	6.00	5.60	5.80	6.21	5.70	5.15	4.62	4.00	3.55	3.13
Honduras	7.50	7.50	7.42	7.42	7.05	6.60	6.00	5.37	4.92	4.34	3.76	3.15	2.65
Hong Kong (China)	4.44	4.72	5.05	3.64	3.01	2.23	1.72	1.36	1.26	1.06	0.95	1.04	1.20
Hungary	2.69	2.32	1.81	1.98	2.04	2.25	1.81	1.82	1.74	1.38	1.30	1.33	1.33
Iceland	3.86	4.17	3.94	3.24	2.87	2.45	2.23	2.12	2.19	2.06	1.99	2.13	1.98
India	5.90	5.90	5.89	5.72	5.41	4.97	4.68	4.27	3.83	3.48	3.14	2.80	2.44
Indonesia	5.49	5.67	5.62	5.57	5.30	4.73	4.11	3.40	2.90	2.55	2.52	2.50	2.45
Iran	6.91	6.91	6.91	6.68	6.24	6.28	6.53	5.62	3.95	2.63	1.97	1.79	1.75
Iraq	7.30	6.20	6.60	7.40	7.15	6.80	6.35	6.09	5.65	5.19	4.66	4.55	4.55
Ireland	3.42	3.58	4.06	3.76	3.82	3.24	2.76	2.18	1.90	1.94	1.96	2.00	2.00
Israel	4.28	3.89	3.85	3.78	3.81	3.47	3.13	3.07	2.93	2.93	2.91	2.93	3.04
Italy	2.36	2.29	2.50	2.50	2.32	1.89	1.52	1.35	1.27	1.22	1.30	1.42	1.43
Ivory Coast	7.45	7.62	7.76	7.90	7.93	7.81	7.31	6.85	6.41	6.05	5.68	5.40	5.14
Jamaica	4.22	5.08	5.64	5.78	5.00	4.00	3.55	3.10	2.84	2.70	2.45	2.28	2.08
Japan	2.96	2.17	2.03	2.04	2.13	1.83	1.76	1.65	1.48	1.37	1.30	1.34	1.41
Jordan	7.38	7.38	8.00	8.00	7.79	7.38	7.05	6.02	5.00	4.30	3.85	3.70	3.60
Kazakhstan	4.41	4.56	4.43	3.67	3.61	3.23	3.04	3.03	2.55	2.00	2.01	2.54	2.70
Kenya	7.48	7.78	8.06	8.11	7.99	7.64	7.22	6.54	5.65	5.35	5.00	4.65	4.10
Kiribati	6.10	6.60	6.78	6.04	5.00	5.10	5.00	4.80	4.55	4.20	3.96	3.88	3.79
Kuwait	7.20	7.20	7.30	7.40	6.75	5.60	5.00	3.65	2.55	3.00	2.60	2.40	2.05
Kyrgyzstan	4.36	5.20	5.55	5.21	5.12	4.59	4.20	4.06	3.64	2.96	2.50	2.78	3.12
Laos	5.94	5.96	5.97	5.98	5.99	6.15	6.36	6.27	5.88	4.81	3.90	3.40	2.93
Latvia	2.00	1.95	1.88	1.84	2.00	1.89	2.03	2.16	1.63	1.17	1.29	1.49	1.50
Lebanon	5.74	5.72	5.69	5.23	4.67	4.23	3.75	3.23	2.80	2.43	2.01	1.58	1.72
Lesotho	5.84	5.86	5.81	5.80	5.80	5.69	5.46	5.14	4.70	4.37	3.79	3.37	3.26
Liberia	6.27	6.35	6.47	6.59	6.80	6.93	6.96	6.72	6.27	6.05	5.68	5.23	4.83
Libya	7.14	7.20	7.30	7.99	8.10	7.67	6.68	5.71	4.22	3.20	2.64	2.43	2.40
Lithuania	2.84	2.66	2.43	2.30	2.30	2.10	2.04	2.06	1.82	1.47	1.28	1.42	1.59
Luxembourg	1.98	2.23	2.40	2.19	1.72	1.49	1.46	1.47	1.66	1.72	1.65	1.62	1.55
Macau (China)	4.39	4.81	4.41	2.74	1.79	1.41	2.06	2.00	1.40	1.12	0.83	0.94	1.19
North Macedonia	5.06	4.14	3.65	3.44	2.86	2.54	2.45	2.27	2.12	1.83	1.64	1.46	1.50
Madagascar	7.30	7.30	7.30	7.30	7.20	6.95	6.50	6.25	6.10	5.80	5.28	4.83	4.40
Malawi	6.85	6.90	7.00	7.20	7.40	7.60	7.60	7.25	6.60	6.30	6.00	5.72	4.88
Malaysia	6.35	6.38	6.36	5.38	4.72	4.20	3.97	3.67	3.44	3.13	2.45	2.22	2.11
Maldives	6.03	6.81	7.12	7.22	7.17	6.85	7.26	6.66	5.16	3.52	2.57	2.26	2.22
Mali	6.95	6.95	7.00	7.10	7.15	7.15	7.15	7.15	7.15	6.95	6.85	6.70	6.35
Malta	4.14	3.80	3.15	2.12	2.01	2.12	1.94	2.03	1.99	1.88	1.47	1.39	1.41
Martinique (France)	5.71	5.71	5.45	5.00	4.08	2.65	2.14	2.14	1.96	1.90	1.92	2.06	1.95
Mauritania	6.34	6.71	6.79	6.79	6.75	6.57	6.34	6.15	5.91	5.61	5.31	5.07	4.88
Mauritius	5.90	5.90	6.20	4.61	3.47	3.10	2.30	2.31	2.25	2.03	1.93	1.70	1.49
Mayotte (France)	7.91	7.91	7.91	7.91	7.91	7.91	7.35	6.73	5.25	5.08	4.80	4.60	4.10
Mexico	6.75	6.78	6.75	6.75	6.71	5.40	4.37	3.75	3.23	2.85	2.61	2.40	2.29
Moldova^[4]	3.50	3.44	3.15	2.66	2.56	2.44	2.55	2.64	2.11	1.70	1.24	1.27	1.27
Mongolia	5.60	6.30	7.50	7.50	7.50	6.65	5.75	4.84	3.27	2.40	2.08	2.37	2.83
Montenegro	4.35	3.80	3.42	2.89	2.62	2.31	2.21	2.11	2.04	1.91	1.85	1.82	1.71
Morocco	6.61	6.90	7.10	6.85	6.40	5.90	5.40	4.45	3.70	2.97	2.68	2.55	2.60
Mozambique	7.00	7.00	6.90	6.85	6.80	6.55	6.40	6.30	6.10	5.85	5.80	5.65	5.45
Myanmar	6.00	6.00	6.10	6.10	5.74	5.15	4.65	3.80	3.20	2.95	2.87	2.55	2.30
Namibia	6.00	6.10	6.20	6.30	6.60	6.60	6.20	5.55	4.91	4.29	3.81	3.60	3.60
Nepal	5.96	5.96	5.96	5.96	5.87	5.80	5.62	5.33	4.97	4.41	3.64	2.96	2.32
Netherlands	3.05	3.10	3.17	2.79	2.10	1.60	1.51	1.55	1.59	1.60	1.74	1.75	1.73
New Caledonia (France)	5.22	5.22	5.22	5.21	5.20	3.91	3.34	3.02	2.94	2.58	2.32	2.28	2.24
New Zealand	3.69	4.07	3.85	3.35	2.84	2.18	1.97	2.03	2.07	1.95	1.95	2.14	2.04
Nicaragua	7.20	7.50	7.10	6.95	6.79	6.35	5.85	5.00	4.20	3.40	2.84	2.56	2.32
Niger	7.30	7.40	7.50	7.55	7.60	7.75	7.90	7.80	7.75	7.70	7.65	7.55	7.40
Nigeria	6.35	6.35	6.35	6.35	6.61	6.76	6.76	6.60	6.37	6.17	6.05	5.91	5.74
North Korea	3.46	5.12	3.85	4.39	4.00	2.85	2.80	2.36	2.25	2.01	2.00	2.00	1.95
Norway	2.60	2.84	2.90	2.80	2.35	1.81	1.69	1.80	1.89	1.86	1.81	1.92	1.82
Oman	7.25	7.25	7.25	7.31	7.41	8.10	8.32	7.85	6.27	4.46	3.20	2.90	2.90
Pakistan	6.60	6.60	6.60	6.60	6.60	6.60	6.44	6.30	5.67	4.99	4.23	3.98	3.98
Palestine^[5]	7.38	7.38	8.00	8.00	7.69	7.50	7.05	6.76	6.60	5.81	5.02	4.60	4.25
Panama	5.76	5.87	5.79	5.41	4.88	4.19	3.63	3.24	2.92	2.81	2.68	2.63	2.60
Papua New Guinea	6.24	6.26	6.28	6.21	6.09	5.87	5.47	4.97	4.70	4.64	4.38	4.13	3.84
Paraguay	6.50	6.50	6.45	6.15	5.35	5.20	5.12	4.77	4.31	3.88	3.24	2.89	2.60
Peru	6.95	6.95	6.95	6.70	6.00	5.40	4.65	4.10	3.57	3.10	2.80	2.60	2.50
Philippines	7.42	7.27	6.98	6.54	5.98	5.46	4.92	4.53	4.14	3.90	3.70	3.30	3.05
Poland	3.63	3.47	2.72	2.33	2.23	2.23	2.31	2.16	1.95	1.51	1.26	1.37	1.33
Portugal	3.10	3.12	3.19	3.12	2.83	2.55	2.01	1.62	1.48	1.46	1.45	1.37	1.28
Puerto Rico (USA)	4.97	4.82	4.37	3.41	2.99	2.76	2.46	2.26	2.18	1.98	1.85	1.72	1.52
Qatar	6.97	6.97	6.97	6.97	6.75	6.10	5.45	4.40	3.74	3.46	2.95	2.23	2.00
Republic of the Congo	5.68	5.79	5.99	6.19	6.35	6.35	6.00	5.55	5.21	5.12	5.07	5.00	4.86
Romania	3.06	2.74	2.10	2.87	2.65	2.55	2.26	2.22	1.51	1.34	1.32	1.45	1.48
Russia	2.85	2.82	2.55	2.02	2.03	1.94	2.04	2.12	1.54	1.25	1.30	1.44	1.70
Rwanda	8.00	8.15	8.20	8.20	8.28	8.43	8.38	7.80	6.55	5.90	5.40	4.85	4.20
Réunion (France)	6.93	6.57	6.56	5.67	3.88	3.12	2.78	2.71	2.40	2.33	2.44	2.40	2.40
Saint Lucia	6.00	6.94	6.79	6.48	5.69	5.20	4.20	3.65	3.15	2.60	1.85	1.60	1.51
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	7.33	7.33	7.02	6.41	5.54	4.42	3.64	3.10	2.85	2.55	2.24	2.13	2.01
Samoa	7.63	7.63	7.63	7.35	7.00	6.49	5.91	5.35	4.92	4.62	4.44	4.47	4.16
São Tomé and Príncipe	6.20	6.20	6.30	6.40	6.52	6.50	6.24	5.96	5.68	5.41	5.15	4.90	4.67
Saudi Arabia	7.18	7.18	7.26	7.26	7.30	7.28	7.02	6.22	5.55	4.40	3.65	3.22	2.72
Senegal	6.80	6.90	7.10	7.25	7.30	7.28	7.28	6.78	6.28	5.72	5.28	5.10	5.00
Serbia^[6]	3.22	2.57	2.51	2.43	2.36	2.37	2.32	2.23	1.96	1.83	1.71	1.58	1.59
Seychelles	5.00	5.00	5.59	5.92	5.38	4.27	3.51	2.94	2.57	2.18	2.20	2.30	2.38
Sierra Leone	6.03	6.03	6.25	6.41	6.56	6.65	6.72	6.72	6.69	6.48	6.11	5.57	4.84
Singapore	6.61	6.34	5.12	3.64	2.82	1.84	1.69	1.70	1.73	1.57	1.35	1.26	1.23
Slovakia	3.50	3.24	2.91	2.54	2.51	2.46	2.27	2.15	1.87	1.40	1.22	1.32	1.39
Slovenia	2.68	2.38	2.34	2.26	2.20	2.16	1.93	1.65	1.33	1.25	1.21	1.44	1.58
Solomon Islands	6.40	6.40	6.40	6.54	7.24	7.04	6.43	6.12	5.53	4.90	4.60	4.40	4.06
Somalia^[7]	7.25	7.25	7.25	7.25	7.10	7.00	7.07	7.26	7.53	7.70	7.46	7.10	6.61
South Africa	6.05	6.05	6.00	5.80	5.50	5.05	4.60	4.00	3.34	2.95	2.75	2.62	2.55
South Korea	5.65	6.33	5.60	4.65	4.00	2.92	2.23	1.57	1.68	1.50	1.21	1.17	1.23
South Sudan	6.65	6.70	6.75	6.85	6.90	6.92	6.78	6.83	6.65	6.42	6.00	5.60	5.15
Spain	2.53	2.70	2.81	2.84	2.85	2.55	1.88	1.46	1.28	1.19	1.29	1.39	1.33
Sri Lanka	5.80	5.80	5.20	4.70	4.00	3.61	3.19	2.64	2.38	2.24	2.26	2.28	2.11
Sudan	6.65	6.65	6.67	6.70	6.90	6.92	6.63	6.30	6.00	5.65	5.30	5.00	4.75
Suriname	6.56	6.56	6.75	6.86	5.29	4.20	3.70	3.36	3.19	2.96	2.77	2.59	2.46
Sweden	2.24	2.25	2.31	2.17	1.91	1.66	1.64	1.91	2.01	1.56	1.67	1.89	1.90
Switzerland	2.31	2.39	2.60	2.36	1.87	1.54	1.54	1.55	1.54	1.48	1.41	1.47	1.53
Syria	7.23	7.38	7.54	7.56	7.54	7.32	6.77	5.87	4.80	4.30	3.80	3.35	3.10
Tajikistan	5.40	6.20	6.80	7.00	6.83	5.90	5.60	5.50	4.88	4.29	3.60	3.50	3.50
Taiwan	6.72	6.14	5.35	4.38	3.33	2.74	2.23	1.77	1.76	1.67	1.32	1.05	1.11
Tanzania	6.74	6.80	6.80	6.79	6.75	6.73	6.55	6.36	6.05	5.75	5.66	5.58	5.24
Thailand	6.14	6.14	6.13	5.98	5.05	3.92	2.94	2.30	1.99	1.77	1.60	1.56	1.53
Timor-Leste	6.44	6.35	6.37	6.16	5.54	4.30	5.39	5.21	5.68	7.00	6.96	6.53	5.91
Togo	6.33	6.42	6.65	6.94	7.20	7.28	7.06	6.62	6.02	5.54	5.31	5.04	4.69
Tonga	7.30	7.30	7.30	6.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	4.74	4.62	4.29	4.23	4.03	3.79
Trinidad and Tobago	5.30	5.30	5.04	3.81	3.45	3.24	3.28	2.75	2.18	1.82	1.75	1.80	1.80
Tunisia	6.65	6.85	6.99	6.92	6.38	5.65	4.82	4.00	2.98	2.34	2.04	2.02	2.25
Turkey	6.69	6.50	6.20	5.80	5.39	4.69	4.11	3.39	2.90	2.65	2.37	2.20	2.12
Turkmenistan	5.30	6.20	6.80	6.56	6.19	5.60	4.79	4.55	4.03	3.03	2.76	2.65	3.00
Uganda	6.90	6.95	7.05	7.12	7.10	7.10	7.10	7.10	7.06	6.95	6.74	6.38	5.91
Ukraine	2.81	2.70	2.13	2.02	2.08	1.98	2.00	1.95	1.62	1.24	1.15	1.38	1.49
United Arab Emirates	6.97	6.97	6.87	6.77	6.45	5.75	5.30	4.90	3.92	2.97	2.40	1.97	1.82
United Kingdom	2.18	2.49	2.81	2.57	2.01	1.73	1.78	1.84	1.78	1.74	1.66	1.87	1.88
United States	3.31	3.58	3.23	2.54	2.03	1.77	1.80	1.91	2.03	2.00	2.04	2.05	1.88
United States Virgin Islands (USA)	5.25	5.49	5.67	5.52	4.66	3.49	2.97	3.02	2.79	2.19	2.14	2.44	2.30
Uruguay	2.73	2.83	2.90	2.80	3.00	2.89	2.57	2.53	2.49	2.30	2.20	2.12	2.04
Uzbekistan	5.30	5.90	6.50	6.40	6.16	5.46	4.80	4.40	3.95	3.10	2.51	2.49	2.38
Vanuatu	7.60	7.35	7.00	6.46	6.11	5.75	5.40	5.04	4.83	4.59	4.11	3.63	3.41
Venezuela	6.46	6.46	6.66	5.90	4.94	4.47	3.96	3.65	3.25	2.94	2.72	2.55	2.40
Vietnam	5.40	6.16	6.42	6.46	6.33	5.50	4.60	3.85	3.23	2.25	1.92	1.93	1.96
Western Sahara^[8]	6.34	6.42	6.53	6.60	6.57	6.23	5.33	4.60	4.00	3.40	2.85	2.55	2.60
Yemen	7.35	7.40	7.60	7.80	7.90	8.60	8.80	8.80	8.20	6.80	5.90	5.00	4.40
Zambia	6.70	6.95	7.25	7.30	7.40	7.25	6.90	6.60	6.30	6.10	5.95	5.60	5.20
Zimbabwe	6.80	7.00	7.30	7.40	7.40	7.30	6.74	5.66	4.77	4.20	4.00	4.00	4.00
World	4.96	4.89	5.03	4.92	4.46	3.87	3.60	3.44	3.02	2.75	2.63	2.57	2.52