List of family name affixes

Arabic

• Abu – (Arabic) "father of";^[1]
• Al – (Arabic) "Family of" or "House of" (in conjunction with name of ancestor)^[2]
• Bet – (Arabic from "Beyt") "house of"^{[citation needed]}
• Bint – (Arabic) "daughter of"; Binti, Binte (Malaysian version)
• El – (Arabic see Al)
• Ibn – (Arabic) "son of"

Armenian

• Ter – (Eastern Armenian) "son/daughter of a Priest"^{[citation needed]}
• Der – (Western Armenian) "son/daughter of a priest"; (German) "the" (masculine nominative), "of the" (feminine genitive)^{[citation needed]}

Berber

• Ayt/At/Ag/Id u- – (Berber) "of"
• At/n Ath – (Berber) "(son[s]) of"
• U - (Berber) "son of"/"descendent of"
• Ult - (Berber) "daughter of"

Dutch

• de – (Dutch) "the"
• 's – (Dutch) "of the"; contraction of des, genitive case of the definite article de. Example: 's Gravesande.
• 't – (Dutch) "the"; contraction of the neuter definite article het.
• ter – (Dutch) "at the"^{[citation needed]}
• van – (Dutch) "of", "from"
• van de, van den, van der, van 't – (Dutch) "of the", "from the"

French

"of", "of the", "from"; often a sign of nobility or old bourgeois family, but also just a geographical term of the name originated of a location :

• d'
• de
• de La
• des
• du

German

• von – (German) "of", "from"; often a sign of nobility, but also just a geographical term if the name originated from a location.
• zu - (German) "at"; a sign of nobility, sometimes in the combination von und zu, meaning the noble family still owns the place of naming

Hebrew

• Bath, bat – (Hebrew) "daughter of"^{[citation needed]}
• Ben, bin, ibn – (Arabic and Hebrew) "son of"^[1]

Irish

• Mac, Mag – (Irish) "son of".^[3] Mac is sometimes written M^ac (with superscript ac).
• Nic , Nig – (Irish) "daughter of", from Irish "iníon" meaning "daughter"^[4]
• Ó, Ua – (Irish) "grandson of", (male) "descendant of"^[5]
• Ní – (Irish) "granddaughter of", (female) "descendant of"^[6]
• Uí – (Irish) "descendants of", "wife of a descendant of".
• de – (Irish) "of". Irish names with this prefix are usually of Norman origin.

Italian

• Del – (Italian, Spanish) "of the", preceding a masculine singular noun^{[citation needed]}
• Degli – (Italian) "of the", preceding a masculine plural noun starting with either sp, sc, ps, z, gn, or st.^{[citation needed]}
• Della – (Italian) "of the", preceding a feminine singular noun^{[citation needed]}
• Di, De – (Italian) "of"^{[citation needed]}

Romanian

• A – (Romanian) "son of"

Welsh

• Ab – (Welsh, Cornish, Breton) "son of"^[7]
• Ap – (Welsh) "son of"^[7]
• Ferch, Verch – (Welsh) "daughter of"^[8]
• Verch, Erch – (Welsh) "daughter of"^[9]

Other

• Af – (Danish, Swedish), Av (Norwegian) "of"
• Ālam/Olam – Persian — "world"
• Bar – (Aramaic) "son of"^{[citation needed]}
• Chaudhary - (Punjabi) A title of honour from the Punjab used by several Punjabi tribes, often represented by the prefix "Ch".^[10]
• Da – (Italian) "from", "of"; (Portuguese) "from the" (before a feminine singular noun)^{[citation needed]}
• Das – (Portuguese) "from the", "of the", preceding a feminine plural noun^{[citation needed]}
• De – (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Filipino) "of"; indicates region of origin, often a sign of nobility; in Spanish-speaking countries a married woman will sometimes append her name with "de XXXX" ^{[citation needed]} where "XXXX" is her husband's last name; (Dutch) "the"
• Dele – Southern French, Filipino, and Occitan, equivalent of Du^{[citation needed]}
• Dos – (Portuguese) "from the, of the", preceding a masculine plural noun^{[citation needed]}
• Du – (French) "of the", preceding a masculine singular noun^{[citation needed]}
• E – (Portuguese) "and", between surnames (Maria Eduarda de Canto e Mello)^{[citation needed]}
• Fitz – (Irish, from Norman French) "son of", from Latin "filius" meaning "son" (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son, because of its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings)^{[citation needed]}
• i – (Catalan) "and", always in lowercase, used to identify both surnames (e.g. Antoni Gaudí i Cornet)^[11]
• ka – (Zulu) "(son/daughter) of", always in lower case and preceding the name of the father.
• Kil, Gil, Mal, Mul – (English, Irish, Scottish) "son of", "servant of", "devotee of", originating from the Irish "Mac Giolla", typically followed by a Saint's name (e.g. Mac Giolla Bhríde).^[12][13]
• La – (Italian, French, Spanish) "the", feminine singular^{[citation needed]}
• Le – (Northern French) "the", masculine singular^{[citation needed]}
• M'/Mac/Mc/Mck/Mhic/Mic – (Irish, Scottish, and Manx Gaelic) "son". Both Mac and Mc are sometimes written M^ac and M^c (with superscript ac or c). In some names, Mc is pronounced Mac.
• Mala – (Kurdish) "House of"^{[citation needed]}
• Na – ณ (Thai) "at"^{[citation needed]}
• Ngā – (Te Reo Māori) "the (plural)"
• Nic, Ní – (Irish, Scottish) "daughter of", from Irish "iníon" meaning "daughter"^{[14][citation needed]}
• Nin – (Serbian)^{[citation needed]}
• O/Ó/Ua/Uí – (Irish, Scottish, and Manx Gaelic) "son of", "grandson of", "descendant of"^{[15] [citation needed]}
• Öz – (Turkish) "pure"^{[citation needed]}
• Pour – (Persian) "son of"^{[citation needed]}
• Te – (Te Reo Māori) "the (singular)"
• Tre – (Cornish) "settlement/ homestead farm of"^[16]