List of hominoids

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hominoid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera, species, or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

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The superfamily Hominoidea consists of two extant families: Hominidae and Hylobatidae. Hominidae is divided into two subfamilies: Homininae, containing five species divided between three genera, and Ponginae, containing three species in a single genus. Hylobatidae contains twenty species in four genera.

Family Hominidae

• Subfamily Homininae
  • Genus Gorilla (gorillas): two species
  • Genus Homo (human): one species
  • Genus Pan (chimpanzees): two species
• Subfamily Ponginae
  • Genus Pongo (orangutans): three species

Family Hylobatidae

• Genus Hoolock (hoolock gibbons): three species
• Genus Hylobates (dwarf gibbons): nine species
• Genus Nomascus (crested gibbons): seven species
• Genus Symphalangus (siamang): one species

Hominoidea[2] Hominidae Ponginae Pongo Homininae Gorilla Pan Homo Hylobatidae Hylobates Nomascus Hoolock Symphalangus

Summarize Timeline Top Qs Fact Check

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.^[3]

Family Hominidae

Main article: Hominidae

Subfamily Homininae

Main article: Homininae

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Genus Gorilla – Geoffroy, 1852 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern gorilla	G. beringei Matschie, 1903 Two subspecies G. b. beringei (Mountain gorilla) G. b. graueri (Eastern lowland gorilla)	Central Africa	Size: 160–196 cm (63–77 in) long[4] Habitat: Forest[5] Diet: Roots, leaves, stems, and pith, as well as bark, wood, flowers, fruit, fungi, galls, invertebrates, and gorilla dung[6]	CR  2,600 [5]
Western gorilla	G. gorilla (Savage, 1847) Two subspecies G. g. diehli (Cross River gorilla) G. g. gorilla (Western lowland gorilla)	Western Africa	Size: 130–185 cm (51–73 in) long[7] Habitat: Forest[8] Diet: Leaves, berries, ferns, and fibrous bark[9]	CR  Unknown [8]

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Genus Homo – Linnaeus, 1758 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Human	H. sapiens Linnaeus, 1758	Worldwide (population density shown)	Size: 140–210 cm (55–83 in) long, including legs[10] Habitat: Varied Diet: Omnivorous	NE  8 billion

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Genus Pan – Oken, 1816 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bonobo	P. paniscus Schwarz, 1929	Central Africa	Size: 70–83 cm (28–33 in) long[11] Habitat: Forest[12] Diet: Fruits and seeds, as well as leaves, stems, shoots, pith, bark, flowers, truffles, fungus, and honey[12]	EN  Unknown [12]
Chimpanzee	P. troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775) Four subspecies P. t. ellioti (Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee) P. t. schweinfurthii (Eastern chimpanzee) P. t. troglodytes (Central chimpanzee) P. t. verus (Western chimpanzee)	Central and western Africa	Size: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long[13] Habitat: Forest and savanna[14] Diet: Fruit, leaves, stems, buds, bark, pith, seeds, and resins, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[15]	EN  Unknown [14]

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Subfamily Ponginae

Main article: Ponginae

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Genus Pongo – Lacépède, 1799 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bornean orangutan	P. pygmaeus (Linnaeus, 1760) Three subspecies P. p. morio (Northeast Bornean orangutan) P. p. pygmaeus (Northwest Bornean orangutan) P. p. wurmbii (Central Bornean orangutan)	Borneo	Size: 78–97 cm (31–38 in) long[16] Habitat: Forest[17] Diet: Fruit, leaves, shoots, as well as insects, sap, vines, spider webs, bird eggs, fungi, flowers, bark, and soil[18]	CR  Unknown [17]
Sumatran orangutan	P. abelii Lesson, 1827	Northern island of Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 78–97 cm (31–38 in) long[16] Habitat: Forest[19] Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and eggs[20]	CR  Unknown [19]
Tapanuli orangutan	P. tapanuliensis Nurcahyo, Meijaard, Nowak, Fredriksson, Groves, 2017	South Tapanuli in Sumatra	Size: 78–97 cm (31–38 in) long[16][21] Habitat: Forest[22] Diet: Fruit and leaves[23]	CR  Unknown [22]

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Family Hylobatidae

Main article: Hylobatidae

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Genus Hoolock – Mootnick, Groves, 2005 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern hoolock gibbon	H. leuconedys (Groves, 1967)	Southern Asia	Size: About 55 cm (22 in) long[24] Habitat: Forest[25] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves and shoots[25]	VU  Unknown [25]
Skywalker hoolock gibbon	H. tianxing Fan, 2017	Southern Asia	Size: About 81 cm (32 in) long[26] Habitat: Forest[27] Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as invertebrates, bird chicks, and flowers[27]	EN  Unknown [27]
Western hoolock gibbon	H. hoolock (Harlan, 1834)	Southern Asia	Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long[28] Habitat: Forest[29] Diet: Fruit and leaves[29]	EN  Unknown [29]

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Genus Hylobates – Illiger, 1811 – nine species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Agile gibbon	H. agilis F. Cuvier, 1821	Southeastern Asia	Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long[30] Habitat: Forest[31] Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, leaves, and insects[31]	EN  Unknown [31]
Bornean white-bearded gibbon	H. albibarbis Lyon, 1911	Southern Borneo	Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long[30][32] Habitat: Forest[33] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, and flowers[33]	EN  Unknown [33]
Eastern grey gibbon	H. funereus I. Geoffroy, 1850	Northern Borneo (in yellow)	Size: 47–49 cm (19–19 in) long[34] Habitat: Forest[35] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and insects[34]	EN  Unknown [35]
Kloss's gibbon	H. klossii (Miller, 1903)	Mentawai Islands, west of Sumatra	Size: 44–64 cm (17–25 in) long[36] Habitat: Forest[37] Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, eggs, small vertebrates, and insects[36]	EN  Unknown [37]
Lar gibbon	H. lar (Linnaeus, 1771) Five subspecies H. l. carpenteri (Carpenter's lar gibbon) H. l. entelloides (Central lar gibbon) H. l. lar (Malaysian lar gibbon) H. l. vestitus (Sumatran lar gibbon) H. l. yunnanensis (Yunnan lar gibbon)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 45–60 cm (18–24 in) long[30] Habitat: Forest[38] Diet: Fruit, as well as leafy plants, flowers, and insects[39]	EN  Unknown [38]
Müller's gibbon	H. muelleri Martin, 1841	Southeastern Asia	Size: 44–64 cm (17–25 in) long[40] Habitat: Forest[41] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves[40]	EN  Unknown [41]
Pileated gibbon	H. pileatus (Gray, 1861)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 45–64 cm (18–25 in) long[42] Habitat: Forest[43] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, shoots, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates[42]	EN  47,000 [43]
Silvery gibbon	H. moloch (Audebert, 1798)	Island of Java in Indonesia	Size: 42–64 cm (17–25 in) long[44] Habitat: Forest[45] Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers and insects[45]	EN  Unknown [45]
Western grey gibbon	H. abbotti Kloss, 1929	Western Borneo	Size: 42–64 cm (17–25 in) long[44] Habitat: Forest[46] Diet: Leaves, fruit, flowers, and insects[46]	EN  30,000–45,000 [46]

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Genus Nomascus – Miller, 1933 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black crested gibbon	N. concolor (Harlan, 1826) Four subspecies N. c. concolor (Tonkin black crested gibbon) N. c. furvogaster (West Yunnan black crested gibbon) N. c. jingdongensis (Central Yunnan black crested gibbon) N. c. lu (Central Yunnan black crested gibbon)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 43–54 cm (17–21 in) long[47] Habitat: Forest[48] Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as buds, flowers, insects, eggs, and small vertebrates[47]	CR  1,500 [48]
Eastern black crested gibbon	N. nasutus (Künckel d'Herculais, 1884)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long[49] Habitat: Forest[50] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and buds, as well as animals, flowers, and plant parts[50]	CR  45 [50]
Hainan black crested gibbon	N. hainanus (Thomas, 1892)	Island of Hainan in China	Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long[49] Habitat: Forest[51] Diet: Fruit[51]	CR  10 [51]
Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon	N. annamensis Thinh, 2010	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long[49] Habitat: Forest[52] Diet: Fruit, leaves, shoots, and flowers, as well as small mammals and lizards[52]	EN  Unknown [52]
Northern white-cheeked gibbon	N. leucogenys (Ogilby, 1840)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 45–63 cm (18–25 in) long[53] Habitat: Forest[54] Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and insects[53]	CR  Unknown [54]
Southern white-cheeked gibbon	N. siki (Delacour, 1951)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 47–64 cm (19–25 in) long[55] Habitat: Forest[56] Diet: Fruit[56]	CR  600 [56]
Yellow-cheeked gibbon	N. gabriellae (Thomas, 1909)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long[57] Habitat: Forest[58] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers[58]	EN  Unknown [58]

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Genus Symphalangus – Gloger, 1841 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Siamang	S. syndactylus (Raffles, 1821)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 71–90 cm (28–35 in) long[59] Habitat: Forest[60] Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers and insects[60]	EN  Unknown [60]

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